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L'utilisation de modèles écologiques dans la lutte contre l'eutrophisation des eaux côtières françaises ArchiMer
Menesguen, Alain.
Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus loadings in some coastal areas have induced during the last twenty years excessive production of algal material, either phytoplanktonic or macrophytic. This so-called eutrophication phenomenon alters the usual structure of ecosystem and can lead to massive kills caused by anoxia in some extreme cases, when almost all the dissolved oxygen in bottom waters has been consumed by organic matter decomposition. Just behind the semi-enclosed lagoons, the most sensible areas are the dilution plumes of main rivers. In the case of French coasts, mediterranean lagoons have been eutrophicated for a long time, whereas the coastal areas of the Bay of Biscay and English Channel have been partially preserved by the strong...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ecological models; Hydrodynamical models; Residence time; Limiting factor; Phytoplankton blooms; Green tides; Coastal eutrophication; Modèles écologiques; Modèles hydrodynamiques; Temps de résidence; Elément limitant; Eau colorée; Marée verte; Eutrophisation côtière.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1999/rapport-144.pdf
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Réponse écophysiologique de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas à la variabilité spatio-temporelle des facteurs environnementaux. Etude par modélisation écologique ArchiMer
Grangere, Karine.
The spatial and temporal variability in biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence the ecophysiological response of bivalves (growth, reproduction and survival). In this study, the physiological status of cultivated oysters in the Baie des Veys ecosystem was studied using an ecosystem model which simulates ecophysiological processes of oysters (growth, maintenance and reproduction) and environmental processes which control oyster responses (river inputs, meteorology, hydrodynamic). In order to assess the spatial and temporal scales of variability in this ecosystem, two modelling approaches were developed. Temporal variability from the seasonal to the inter-annual scale was studied using a box model. Results showed that the variability in...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Baie desVeys; Terrestrial inputs; Physiological state; Hydrodynamism; Oyster mortality; Primary production; Ecological model; Crassostrea gigas; Baie des Veys; Apports terrigènes; État physiologique; Hydrodynamisme; Mortalités d'huîtres; Productivité primaire; Modèles écologiques; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/these-6785.pdf
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Les problèmes d'eutrophisation littorale et leur modélisation ArchiMer
Menesguen, Alain.
Following lakes and rivers, a lot of estuaries (during the last twenty years) and shallow coastal zones (during the last decade) have been severely eutrophicated because of the too much increasing loads of nitrogen and phsophorus. In situ stutdy and numerical modelling of two french case studies bring some explanation to the facts that, in some sites, enrichment turns into green macroalgal proliferation whereas, in others, mass blooms of phytoplankton are induced. Whatever the case may be, the prominent role of the residence time of water in the enriched zone has been proven. In open coastal ecosystems, the difficulty in determining this residence time as well as the limiting factor (nitrogen, or phosphorus, or light) lowers considerably the reliability of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Eutrophisation côtière; Elément limitant; Temps de résidence; Modèles hydrodynamiques; Modèles écologiques; Coastal eutrophication; Limiting factor; Residence time; Hydrodynamical models; Ecological models.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00423/53416/54295.pdf
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Modélisation du cycle biogéochimique des éléments limitant la production biologique en Manche (N, P, Si) ArchiMer
Hoch, Thierry.
Ce travail présente un modèle du cycle de la matière organique en Manche, à travers les cycles de l'azote, du phosphore et du silicium. Ces éléments ont été choisis car ils limitent principalement la production primaire en Manche. Dans un premier temps, un sous-modèle physique en boîtes a été' retenu. Grâce au logiciel "ELISE", la Manche a été découpée en 71 boîtes, entre lesquelles les flux d'eau sont automatiquement calculés. A ce modèle de transport horizontal a été couplé un modèle thermo-halin vertical bicouche. Ce dernier simule la température et la salinité dans une couche de surface et une couche de fond, séparées par une pycnocline d'épaisseur nulle. Il permet également le calcul des vitesses d'échange entre les deux couches. Un couplage a été...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Modèles en boites; Modèles écologiques; Manche; Analyse de sensibilité.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00101/21225/18842.pdf
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