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Disentangling the Demand-enhancing Effect and Trade-cost Effect of Technical Measures in Agricultural Trade among OECD countries AgEcon
Xiong, Bo; Beghin, John C..
Domestic technical measures such as SPS and TBTs can enhance import demand via information disclosure and quality improvement, or hamper foreign export supply via imposing sizeable compliance costs, or both. The traditional gravity equation model estimates the net effect of these measures on international trade with a loss of useful inference on separate effects. We stipulate a generalized gravity equation model to disentangle the two effects. We apply the augmented approach to agricultural trade among OECD countries in 2004. We find that technical measures in agriculture often jointly enhance import demand and hinder export supply with the net effect of promoting the propensity to trade. Further disaggregated data analysis reveals heterogeneity across...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Sanitary and phytosanitary; SPS; Technical measures; NTM; TBT; Standards; Gravity equation; Protectionism; OECD; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116898
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Multidrug resistant tuberculosis versus non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: a CT-scan challenge BJID
Kahkouee,Shahram; Esmi,Elham; Moghadam,Azadeh; Karam,Mehrdad Bakhshayesh; Mosadegh,Leila; Salek,Solmaz; Tabarsi,Payam.
INTRODUCTION: Clinical, laboratory and imaging findings in patients with multidrug resistanttuberculosis (MDR-TB) and non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) are similar, and the majority of these patients present with positive smear for Acid Fast Bacilli (ADB) and no response to first line anti-TB treatment, so sputum culture and PCR are necessary, especially in NTM. OBJECTIVE: In this study we evaluate more details of imaging findings to help earlier diagnosis of pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 66 patients with positive smear for AFB and no response to first line anti-TB drugs were divided into two groups by PCR and culture: MDR-TB (43 patients) and NTM (23 patients). Age, sex, history of anti-TB treatment, smoking and CT-scan findings (parenchymal,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: MDR-TB; NTM; Tuberculosis.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000200004
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Characteristic profile of antibody responses to PPD, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary tuberculosis suspected cases in Surabaya, Indonesia BJID
Dewi,Desak Nyoman Surya Suameitria; Mertaniasih,Ni Made; Soedarsono,; Ozeki,Yuriko; Artama,Wayan Tunas; Fihiruddin,; Niki,Mamiko; Tateishi,Yoshitaka; Ato,Manabu; Matsumoto,Sohkichi.
Abstract Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are important aspects of managing tuberculosis (TB) cases appropriately. However, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic kits based on immune response such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) are still debated. Thus, the exploration and assessment of specific biomarker-targeted antibodies are needed for the development of an accurate and rapid diagnostic tool. The present study was conducted in patients with a respiratory problem suspected to be TB at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Among 102 patients tested by GeneXpert and AFB, 59 serum samples were from cases retrospectively determined to have active TB. A total of 102 serum of healthy controls (HC)...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Antibody response' profile; PPD; Pulmonary tuberculosis; NTM.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702019000400246
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