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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (10) CIGR Journal (1) BJMBR (1) Autor Burtraw, Dallas (10) Palmer, Karen L. (6) Bharvirkar, Ranjit (4) Krupnick, Alan J. (3) Paul, Anthony (3) Bloyd, Cary (2) Evans, David A. (2) Austin, David H. (1) Banzhaf, H. Spencer (1) Busari, Raheed Amao (1) Carvalho Jr.,J. A. (1) César,A. C. G. (1) Farrell, Deirdre (1) Kahn, Danny (1) Mansur, Erin T. (1) McGuinness, Meghan (1) Nascimento,L. F. C. (1) Olaoye, Joshua Olanrewaju (1) Toman, Michael (1) Toth, Russell (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Nitrogen oxides (12) Environmental Economics and Policy (9) Air pollution (7) Electricity (7) Q4 (7) Emissions trading (6) Particulates (6) Q2 (6) Sulfur dioxide (6) Carbon dioxide (4) Health benefits (4) Q25 (4) Cost-benefit analysis (3) NOx (3) Acid rain (2) Ancillary benefits (2) Climate change (2) Deregulation (2) H23 (2) L94 (2) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (9) Info:eu-repo/semantics/article (2) Conference Paper or Presentation (1) Ano 2020 (1) 2015 (1) 2005 (2) 2003 (1) 2002 (2) 2001 (4) 1997 (1) Mais... País United States (10) Brazil (1) China (1) Idioma Inglês (12)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 12 Primeira ... 1 ... Última Allocation of CO2 Emissions Allowances in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Kahn, Danny. Cap-and-trade programs for air emissions have become the widely accepted, preferred approach to cost-effective pollution reduction. One of the important design questions in a trading program is how to initially distribute the emissions allowances. Under the Acid Rain program created by Title IV of the Clean Air Act, most emissions allowances were distributed to current emitters on the basis of a historic measure of electricity generation in an approach known as grandfathering. Recent proposals have suggested two alternative approaches: allocation according to a formula that is updated over time according to some performance metric in a recent year (the share of electricity generation or something else) and auctioning allowances to the highest bidders.... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Mercury; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10650 Investment in Electricity Transmission and Ancillary Environmental Benefits AgEcon Bloyd, Cary; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Burtraw, Dallas. Planning of the electricity transmission system generally focuses on the pros and cons of providing generation close to the source of the power demand versus remote generation linked via the transmission system. Recent electricity supply problems in the western United States have renewed interest in the role of transmission in assuring the reliability of electricity supply. Recently, the Western Governors' Association led the development of a planning exercise that examined the tradeoffs over the next 10 years between locating new natural gas powered generation close to the load centers versus new coal, wind, hydro, and geothermal generation in remote areas. Although the analysis concentrated on the direct system costs, the choice of new generation will... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity; Transmission; Air pollution; Ancillary benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L94; Q25; Q41. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10519 Restructuring and the Cost of Reducing NOx Emissions in Electricity Generation AgEcon Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Paul, Anthony. We look at the effects of restructuring on three issues: (a) economic surplus and environmental quality, (b) the cost of NOx control policies and who bears the costs, and (c) the cost-effectiveness of a seasonal and an annual NOx cap in the SIP Call region. We find that without the NOx cap, nationwide restructuring leads to higher NOx and carbon emissions from the electricity sector. Adding either a seasonal or an annual NOx cap-and-trade regime in the eastern United States mitigates the increase in NOx emissions but has a much smaller effect on carbon emissions. The out-of-pocket compliance cost associated with achieving a seasonal or an annual NOx cap is moderately higher with nationwide restructuring than without, but the changes in economic surplus are... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity; Restructuring; Deregulation; Competition; Emissions trading; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Cost effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10549 The Costs and Benefits of Reducing Acid Rain AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.; Mansur, Erin T.; Austin, David H.; Farrell, Deirdre. Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments initiated a dramatic reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by electric power plants. This paper presents the results of an integrated assessment of the benefits and costs of the program, using the Tracking and Analysis Framework (TAF) developed for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). Although dramatic uncertainties characterize our estimates especially with respect to the benefits of the program, many of which we have modeled explicitly, we find that the benefits can be expected to substantially outweigh the costs of the emission reductions. The lion's share of benefits result from reduced risk of premature mortality, especially through reduced exposure to... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Cost-benefit analysis; Clean Air Act; Title IV; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4. Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10692 Cost-Effective Reduction of NOx Emissions from Electricity Generation AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Paul, Anthony. This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of policies to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the United States. Because emissions of NOX contribute to the high concentration of atmospheric ozone in the eastern states that is associated with health hazards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called on eastern states to formulate state implementation plans (SIPs) for reducing NOX emissions. Our analysis considers three NOX reduction scenarios: a summer seasonal cap in the eastern states covered by EPA's NOX SIP Call, an annual cap in the same SIP Call region, and a national annual cap. All scenarios allow for emissions trading. Although EPA's current policy is to implement a seasonal cap in the SIP Call... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10677 Uncertainty and the Cost-Effectiveness of Regional NOx Emissions Reductions from Electricity Generation AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; McGuinness, Meghan. This paper analyzes uncertainties surrounding the benefits and costs of a policy to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the eastern United States. Under each of 18 scenarios examined, we find an annual policy would yield net benefits that are at least as great as those expected under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) currently planned seasonal policy. Preferred (midpoint) assumptions yield additional benefits of $724 million per year under an annual policy compared to a seasonal one (1997 dollars). The subset of 11 northeastern states benefit the most from an annual policy relative to a seasonal one, but relative net benefits are also positive in the remaining states in the region. An annual policy... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOX; Health benefits; Market structure; Restructuring; Deregulation; Value of statistical life; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10846 Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Paul, Anthony; Toman, Michael; Bloyd, Cary. This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be "ancillary" to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover, the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term, while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Particulates; Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10664 Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector AgEcon Banzhaf, H. Spencer; Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.. This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Emission fees; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4; D61. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10505 Economics of Pollution Trading for SO2 and NOx AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Evans, David A.; Krupnick, Alan J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Toth, Russell. For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments represents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. Subsequent urban and regional applications of NOx emission allowance trading took shape in the 1990s in the United States, culminating in a second large experiment in emission trading in the eastern United States that began in 2003. This paper provides an overview of the economic rationale for emission trading and a description of the major U.S. programs for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). We evaluate these programs along measures of... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Emission trading; Power plants; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q25; Q28; D78. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10488 The Evolution of NOx Control Policy for Coal-Fired Power Plants in the United States AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Evans, David A.. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) contribute to formation of particulate matter and ozone, and also to acidification of the environment. The electricity sector is responsible for about 20% of NOx emissions in the United States, and the sector has been the target of both prescriptive (command-and-control) and flexible (cap-and-trade) approaches to regulation. We summarize the major NOx control policies affecting this sector, and provide some perspectives as to their effectiveness. While both prescriptive and flexible approaches continue to play an important role, significant new proposals have wholly embraced a cap-and-trade approach. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Cap and trade; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Ozone; Nitrogen oxides; Acid rain; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q4; D62; Q28. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10645 Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Running Castor Biodiesel as a Blending Agent CIGR Journal Busari, Raheed Amao; Olaoye, Joshua Olanrewaju. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of castor biodiesel and its blends on the emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The research work was carried out on a single cylinder, four-stroke, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine by using biodiesel made from castor oil, compared with conventional diesel. The fuels used in the analyses are B5, B10, B15, B20, B25, B50, B100 and convectional diesel. The compression ignition engine was operated by varying the loading conditions (0 – 6kW) in a step of 1kW. Based on the parameters measured, detailed analyses were carried out on five regulated exhaust emissions i.e. NOX, CO, CO2, O2, and HC. The results clearly indicated that the engine running with biodiesel and their... Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compression ignition engine; Castor biodiesel; Nitrogen oxides; Carbon dioxide; Oxygen and Carbon monoxide. Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5598 Association between NOx exposure and deaths caused by respiratory diseases in a medium-sized Brazilian city BJMBR César,A. C. G.; Carvalho Jr.,J. A.; Nascimento,L. F. C.. Exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by burning fossil fuels has been associated with respiratory diseases. We aimed to estimate the effects of NOx exposure on mortality owing to respiratory diseases in residents of Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil, of all ages and both sexes. This time-series ecological study from August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2012 used information on deaths caused by respiratory diseases obtained from the Health Department of Taubaté. Estimated daily levels of pollutants (NOx, particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide) were obtained from the Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. These environmental variables were... Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Nitrogen oxides; Respiratory diseases; Death. Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2015001201130 Registros recuperados: 12 Primeira ... 1 ... Última

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