SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Sommer, Rolf; Djanibekov, Nodir; Salaev, Omonbek.

Land use and crop production in the Khorezm region in western Uzbekistan, exemplarily for the irrigated low-lands of Central Asia, is adversely affected by the excessive, non-sustainable use of irrigation water on one hand, repeated droughts on the other hand, and by soil degradation by secondary salinization. One of the research objectives of the German-Uzbek Khorezm project, funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and led by ZEF, is to better understand options for land use and choice of technology at the farm level in order to evaluate and propose technological alternatives and policy options for sustainable land use in Khorezm. To address the latter, the integrated so-called Farm-Level Economic-Ecological Optimization Model...

Palavras-chave: Sustainability of agro-ecosystems; Integrated biophysical-economic modeling; Cropping system; Land use planning; Policy assessment; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; O13; O21; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92546

Dams

Duflo, Esther; Pande, Rohini.

The construction of large dams is one of the most costly and controversial forms of public infrastructure investment in developing countries, but little is known about their impact. This paper studies the productivity and distributional effects of large dams in India. To account for endogenous placement of dams we use GIS data and the fact that river gradient affects a district's suitability for dams to provide instrumental variable estimates of their impact. We find that, in a district where a dam is built, agricultural production does not increase but poverty does. In contrast, districts located downstream from the dam benefit from increased irrigation and see agricultural production increase and poverty fall. Overall, our estimates suggest that large...

Modeling the Liberalisation of the Milk Market in Switzerland

Palavras-chave: Dams; Development planning; Program evaluation; India; Public Economics; O21; O12; H43; H23.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28373

Flury, Christian; Mack, Gabriele; Rieder, Peter; Pfefferli, S..

Switzerland aims to liberalise the milk market by 2011. This will result in distinctive changes in the basic conditions for agriculture. The impacts of the liberalisation are investigated with a composite model obtained by combining an optimization model for the agricultural sector and a dynamic simulation model for the milk and meat market. The calculations with the composite model indicate that the milk price depends strongly on the phasing out of market support, while the abolition of milk quotas in 2009 is less decisive. An introduction of a dairy cow premium leads to a higher milk production, especially with abolished milk quotas. In this case the European milk price level represents the lower limit for the milk price in Switzerland. Compared to the...

Sustainability and Optimality in Economic Development: Theoretical Insights and Policy Prospects

Palavras-chave: Dynamic simulation; Sectoral optimisation; Milk market; Milk quota; Agribusiness; C53; C61; O21; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24507

Farzin, Y. Hossein.

This paper takes sustainability to be a matter of intergenerational welfare equality and examines whether an optimal development path can also be sustainable. It argues that the general zero-net-aggregate-investment condition for an optimal development path to be sustainable in the sense of the maximin criterion of intergenerational justice is too demanding to be practical, especially in the context of developing countries. The maximin criterion of sustainability may be more appealing to the rich advanced industrial countries, but is too costly and ethically unreasonable for developing nations as it would act as an intergenerational poverty equalizer. The paper suggests that a compromise development policy that follows the optimal growth approach but...

Concepts, applications, and extensions of value chain analysis to livestock systems in developing countries

Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Optimality; Discounting; Development policy; International Development; Q01; Q56; O21; O13; D62; D63.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7447

Rich, Karl M.; Baker, Derek; Negassa, Asfaw; Ross, R. Brent.

The analysis of value chains has augmented our knowledge on the complexities, inter-linkages, distributional benefits, and institutional arrangements of production and marketing channels in developing countries. However, the analysis remains relatively qualitative and case-specific, with limited ability to rank or assess the impact of alternative interventions or to analyze sufficiently the complex market dynamics and feedbacks present in livestock systems. This paper offers insights on ways to improve the analytical rigor of the value chain methodology that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches.

TAX INCENTIVES: AN EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES?

Palavras-chave: Value chain; Livestock; Developing countries; Livestock Production/Industries; I32; O13; O17; O21; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51922

Rainey, Daniel V.; McNamara, Kevin T..

As national and local economies become more globalized, many rural areas are going to find it more difficult to compete for private capital investments. A traditional tool, modifications to tax policy, of state and local governments will not be as effective (for many communities it has never been effective) in the future. These communities will need to seek other avenues of growth. However, for many rural communities even alternative avenues will not lead to enhanced economic opportunity.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agglomeration; Rural development; Tax policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R51; R58; O21; O23; R11; R38.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15463

Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions in Transition Countries of Asia and Europe

Rozelle, Scott; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

The paper analyzes the political and institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition countries in East Asia (China and Vietnam), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, etc), the rest of the former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there are large differences among transition countries in the extent and the nature of the remaining distortions.

Oligopsony/Oligopoly Power and Factor Market Performance: The Case of U.S. Old Newspapers

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; Transition economies; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; O21; P22; P26.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50298

CIVIC COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH: ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH PROSPERITY

Hervani, Aref A..

This paper derives price-cost margins for the old newspaper (ONP) input market for newsprint manufacture and then examines the effects of two government policies and two variables measuring the market performances of ONP input and newsprint output on the oligopsonist’s ONP price-cost margins. In the wastepaper recycling market in particular, the ONP input market has not been successful in using the ONP generated. The outcomes of the study are that various degrees of price distortions existed in the ONP input markets in four regions of the United States during 1972-1995. Demand-side policy had a positive effect and supply-side policy had a negative effect on ONP price-cost margins in all regions.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Buyer and seller market shares; Mandated recycling programs; Minimum content standards; Oligopsony; R51; R58; O21; R11; R38.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43163

Robinson, Kenneth L.; Lyson, Thomas A.; Christy, Ralph D..

The free market-based policies of the corporate community model have skewed economic development across the South. For many small, rural communities, the consequences of global capitalism have resulted in declining real wages, high underemployment, and increasing rates of income inequality. Backed by recent scholarship and grassroots movements that suggest both civic engagement and the presence of smaller-scale, locally controlled enerprises can help determine whether communities prosper or decline, this paper explores the links between social structure and rural development in the South. The goal is to expand our understanding of civic community theory as an alternative to the neoclassical economic model of development. Using a local problem-solving...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Civic community; Economic growth; Rural development; Social capital; Southern United States; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R11; O21; R58.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15468

Coordinating Development: Can Income-based Incentive Schemes Eliminate Pareto Inferior Equilibria?

Bond, Philip; Pande, Rohini.

Individuals inability to coordinate investment may significantly constrain economic development. In this paper we study a simple investment game characterized by multiple equilibria and ask whether an income-based incentive scheme can uniquely implement the high investment outcome. A general property of this game is the presence of a crossover investment point at which an individuals incomes from investment and non-investment are equal. We show that arbitrarily small errors in the governments knowledge of this crossover point can prevent unique implementation of the high investment outcome. We conclude that informational requirements are likely to severely limit a governments ability to use income-based incentive schemes as a coordination device.

Dynamic Core-Theoretic Cooperation in a Two-Dimensional International Environmental Model

Palavras-chave: Coordination; Public policy; Income taxation; Implementation; International Development; O21; H23.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28436

Germain, Marc; Tulkens, Henry; Magnus, Alphonse.

This article deals with cooperation issues in international pollution problems in a two dimensional dynamic framework implied by the accumulation of the pollutant and of the capital goods. Assuming that countries do reevaluate at each period the advantages to cooperate or not given the current stocks of pollutant and capital, and under the assumption that damage cost functions are linear, we define at each period of time a transfer scheme between countries, which makes cooperation better for each of them than non-cooperation. This transfer scheme is also strategically stable in the sense that it discourages partial coalitions.

Energy-Based Economic Development: Mapping the Developing Country Context

Palavras-chave: Stock Pollutant; Capital Accumulation; International Environmental Agreements; Dynamic Core Solution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; F42; F53; O21.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50467

Carley, Sanya; Desai, Sameeksha; Bazilian, Morgan.

Energy-based economic development (EBED) can provide economic, social and environmental benefits related to national economic development and sustainable growth activities. As both policy and research interests in responsible mechanisms for economic development grow, EBED benefits are becoming increasingly attractive to planners in both developed and developing countries. The incentives, trade-offs, and payoffs for developing countries, however, are not well documented. To help address that gap, this paper identifies the general scope and role of EBED in a developing economy context, and outlines opportunities and challenges for decision-makers.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Economic Development; Energy; Developing Countries; Sustainable Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O10; O13; O21; Q48.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123278

The “Rural-Sensitive Evaluation Model” for evaluation of local governments’ sensitivity to rural issues in Serbia

Win, Heijman; Milic, Branislav B.; Bogdanov, Natalija.

In the search for an adequate set of indicators to measure the level of pro-rural aspirations of Local Governments (LG), the main existing approaches to endogenous development have been examined. However, the conclusion must be that none of them seem to fit the needs completely. For this reason, a new index, the Municipal Rural-Sensitive Index (MRSI), has been developed, representing the base for the Rural Sensitive Evaluation Model (RSEM). The MRSI integrates the key features of the LEADER (Liaison Entre Actions de Développement Rural) philosophy, consisting of 41 rural-sensitive indicators, grouped into 3 categories and 7 sub-categories. The resulting MRSI scores allow a quick comparison between LGs, show changes over time and assists in establishing a...

From small farming to rural, non-agricultural work in Romania: an evaluation on 3 measures of the rural development programme

Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Model; LEADER; Local Government; Agricultural and Food Policy; C52; C54; H11; O21; R58..

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99417

Ghib, Marie-Luce; Berriet-Solliec, Marielle.

Romanian rural areas contain the highest level of agricultural workers in the European Union, resulting in the challenge of stimulating non-agricultural employment. This paper uses the methodology of policy evaluation to analyse the influence of 3 measures the CAP. From an objectives tree to reveal the objectives of the programme to statistical analysis and field surveys, we analysed the pertinence, the coherence and the first results of those schemes. It was found that the targeted population was under estimated for one of the semi-subsistence schemes. Choosing activities (tourism and enterprise) which are open to all rural society leads to enhanced competition between beneficiaries. Due to the global context of economic crisis, co-financing can be met...

Peculiarities of project planning in tourism

Palavras-chave: Rural policies; Policy evaluation; Small farms; Romania; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R58; O21; H72; C13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94915