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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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| Austin, David H.; MacAuley, Molly K.. |
| This paper describes a model for estimating, in a probabilistic framework, expected future consumer surplus from planned new product innovations. The model has been applied to estimations of taxpayer benefits from NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP), which develops new technologies for space science, and to the digital data storage technologies being supported by the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The model uses cost index methods based on consumers' estimated marginal valuation for quality improvements in the technology. Probabilistic values for performance increases are taken from the innovators' own expectations. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of welfare increases to these values, which are assumed to be biased upward.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; O32; H43; D60. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10655 |
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| Yang, Hui; Buccola, Steven T.. |
| The central objective of the present paper is to examine how university bioscientists select their research agendas, with special attention to biotechnology firms' influence on those agendas. Among other issues, we will assess UIRs' potential effects on the private appropriability of the characteristics of bioengineered crop and animal varieties, and on the basicness and breadth of a scientist's research. Factors that potentially would affect scientists' research agenda include the university's size, reputation, resources, culture, and total government funding; the scientist's academic position and communication network; and the market power, cultures, and specialties of the biotech firms with which the university has research relationships. An... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; O33. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21985 |
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| Pardey, Philip G.; Koo, Bonwoo; Drew, Jennifer; Nottenburg, Carol. |
| The United States was the first country in the world to explicitly offer intellectual property protection for plant varieties. Beginning in 1930, asexually reproduced plants were afforded plant patent protection, in 1970 sexually propagated plants could be awarded plant variety protection certificates, and beginning in 1985, courts confirmed that varieties of all types of plants were eligible for utility patents. From 1930 to 2008, a total of 34,340 varietal rights applications were lodged. The number of rights being sought continues to grow, with 42 percent of all the varietal rights claimed since 2000. Contrary to popular perception, most of these rights are for horticultural crops (69 percent), with ornamentals accounting for the lion’s share of the... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Plant patents; Plant variety protection; Utility patents; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; O32; O34. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119346 |
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| Zorska, Anna. |
| The research aims to investigate the process of globalizing innovation activity conducted by transnational corporations (TNCs), in a wider context of economic changes outside and inside companies. The process has been triggered by decentralization and internationalization of R&D, “creative transition” of foreign subsidiaries as well as implementing research networks and the open innovation model of TNCs’ innovation activity. Under the present economic crisis some slowdown and reorientation of innovation programs are implemented in order to reduce their costs and increase effectiveness. The globalization of corporate innovation activity can contribute to reaching some of TNCs’ goals both under the present crisis and the future revival of the world... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Innovations; Economic crisis; TNC.; International Development; D21; F23; L22; O32. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94610 |
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| Langyintuo, Augustine S.; Mwangi, Wilfred; Diallo, Alpha O.; MacRobert, John F.; Dixon, John; Banziger, Marianne. |
| The liberalization and restructuring of the seed sector in eastern and southern Africa (ESA) during the past two decades have witnessed a proliferation of private seed companies in the maize seed industry (Hassan et al., 2001; Lemonius, 2005). Although the total number of registered maize seed companies increased from 8 and 11, respectively, in 1997 to 40 each, the quantities of seed marketed barely doubled, increasing from 23,000 and 27,000 tons to 53,000 and 51,000 tons, respectively; an indication that the reforms are insufficient in ensuring efficient functioning of the sector in the two regions. A study involving 117 seed providers, representing 92 percent of all registered maize seed companies in ESA in 2007 identified bottlenecks that have... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Maize seed industry; Seed policies; Eastern and southern Africa; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Marketing; D21; M31; O32. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51713 |
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| Aghion, Philippe; Van Reenen, John; Zingales, Luigi. |
| We find that institutional ownership in publicly traded companies is associated with more innovation (measured by cite-weighted patents). To explore the mechanism through which this link arises, we build a model that nests the lazy-manager hypothesis with career-concerns, where institutional owners increase managerial incentives to innovate by reducing the career risk of risky projects. The data supports the career concerns model. First, whereas the lazy manager hypothesis predicts a substitution effect between institutional ownership and product market competition (and managerial entrenchment generally), the career-concern model allows for complementarity. Empirically, we reject substitution effects. Second, CEOs are less likely to be fired in the face of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Career Concerns; Innovation; Institutional Ownership; Productivity and R&D; Financial Economics; G20; G32; O31; O32; O33. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93414 |
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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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