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Registros recuperados: 19
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A Politico-Economic Model of Aging, Technology Adoption and Growth AgEcon
Lancia, Francesco; Prarolo, Giovanni.
Over the past century, all OECD countries have been characterized by a dramatic increase in economic conditions, life expectancy and educational attainment. This paper provides a positive theory that explains how an economy might evolve when the longevity of its citizens both influences and is influenced by the process of economic development. We propose a three periods OLG model where agents, during their lifetime, cover different economic roles characterized by different incentive schemes and time horizon. Agents’ decisions embrace two dimensions: the private choice about education and the public one upon innovation policy. The theory focuses on the crucial role played by heterogeneous interests in determining innovation policies, which are one of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Growth; Life Expectancy; Human Capital; Systemic Innovation; Majority Voting; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D70; J10; O14; O31; O43.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9552
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Democratic Institutions and Environmental Quality: Effects and Transmission Channels AgEcon
Romuald, Kinda Somlanare.
This paper aims at analysing the effect of democratic institutions on environmental quality (carbon dioxide per capita, sulfure dioxide per capita) and at identifying potential channel transmissions. We use panel data from 1960 to 2008 in 122 developing and developed countries and modern econometric methods. The results are as follows: Firstly, we show that democratic institutions have opposite effects on environment quality: a positive direct effect on environment quality and a negative indirect effect through investments and income inequality. Indeed, democratic institutions attract investments that hurt environment quality. Moreover, as democratic institutions reduce income inequality, they also damage environment. Secondly, we find that the direct...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Democratic institutions; Air pollution; Panel data; Income inequality; Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; O43; Q53; C23; D31; E22.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120396
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NATIONAL E-COMMERCE EXTENSION INITIATIVE FOR RURAL ENTREPRENEURS AgEcon
Lane, Shannon.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: National e-Commerce Extension; Rural Broadband Access; Rural Digital Divide; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Marketing; O43.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100795
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Economia política da disputa por terras em Minas Gerais AgEcon
Araujo Junior, Ari Francisco de; Shikida, Claudio; Alvarenga, Patricia Silva.
The article analyzes the determinants of the probability of dispute over land (conflicts, occupations and settlement projects) in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Through the use of a logit model, we found that the main influences are political and economical ones. Apparently, the behavior of the agrarian reform’s supporters follows the political incentive, with fewer occurrences of conflicts in towns governed by political allies. By other hand, the economical determinants - degree of poverty and the economic growth - have negative impacts on it.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agrarian development; Political economy; Regional economics; Agribusiness; D72; D74; O43.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61236
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Social ex-post evaluation of local development programs: application of a contingent valuation approach to the Guadix-Marquesado LEADER area (Spain) AgEcon
Calatrava-Requena, Javier; Gonzalez-Roa, Maria del Carmen.
As part of the evaluation of the activity of a district’s local development group (LAG), valuation by local society could be a potential element of interest. In this paper we present a social valuation of the LAG activity in the Guadix-Marquesado district (south-eastern Spain), where the contingent valuation method is one of the analytical elements used. A number of results show how the LAG has now become part the institutional network closest to local society, which values the increased welfare that its activity generates slightly more than its actual annual operating expenses. This somehow socially legitimizes the public funding it receives. Other results pertaining to change perception, familiarity with LAG activities and the scalar valuation of its...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Social evaluation; Rural development; Contingent valuation method; Willingness to pay.; Agricultural and Food Policy; O43; R11.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100041
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Political Persistence, Connections and Economic Growth AgEcon
Bellettini, Giorgio; Berti Ceroni, Carlotta; Prarolo, Giovanni.
Using data on a panel of 56 democratic countries in the period 1975-2004, we find evidence of a negative association between political stability and economic growth which is stronger and empirically more robust in countries with high bureaucratic costs. Motivated by these results, which contrast with previous contributions, we develop a model of growth with quality improvements where political connections with long-term politicians can be exploited by low-quality producers to defend their monopoly position and prevent innovation and entry of high-quality competitors. This requires that the incumbent politician remains in office and that the red-tape cost advantage granted by political connections is large relative to the quality upgrade related to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Political Persistence; Growth; Innovation; International Development; O43.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55828
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Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview AgEcon
Ranis, Gustav.
This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ethnic diversity on economic development. Ethnically polarized societies are less likely to agree on the provision of public goods and more likely to engage in rent seeking activities providing lower levels of social capital. Initial conditions are important determinants of adverse development outcomes. The role of decentralization, democracy and markets as potential remedies are discussed. The paper then presents a number of preliminary hypotheses on the relationship between diversity and instability in order to stimulate future research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Africa; Diversity; Economic Growth; Instability; International Development; O11; O40; O43; O55.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54531
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Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview AgEcon
Ranis, Gustav.
This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ethnic diversity on economic development. Ethnically polarized societies are less likely to agree on the provision of public goods and more likely to engage in rent seeking activities providing lower levels of social capital. Initial conditions are important determinants of adverse development outcomes. The role of decentralization, democracy and markets as potential remedies are discussed. The paper then presents a number of preliminary hypotheses on the relationship between diversity and instability in order to stimulate future research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Africa; Diversity; Economic Growth; Instability; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; O11; O40; O43; O55.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115713
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Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources AgEcon
Pendergast, Shannon M.; Clarke, Judith A.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
In 1995, Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner found a negative relationship between natural resources and economic growth, and claimed that natural resources are a curse. Their work has been widely cited, with many economists now accepting the curse of natural resources as a welldocumented explanation of poor economic growth in some economies (e.g., Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2004; Kronenberg, 2004). In this paper, we provide an alternative econometric framework for evaluating this claim, although we begin with a discussion of possible explanations for the curse and a critical assessment of the extant theory underlying the curse. Our approach is to identify natural resources that have the greatest rents and potential for exploitation through rent-seeking agents....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Natural resource curse; Petroleum resources; Unbalanced panels and GMM estimation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; Q32; Q34; O43; O47.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37913
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Governmental Learning as a Determinant of Economic Growth AgEcon
Grusevaja, Marina.
Systemic economic transition is a process of determined radical institutional change, a process of building new institutions required by a market economy. Nowadays, the experience of transition countries with the implementation of new institutions could be reviewed as a method of economic development that despite similar singular steps has different effects on the domestic economic performance. The process of institutional change towards a market economy is determined by political will, thus the government plays an important role in carrying out the economic reforms. Among the variety of outcomes and effects the attention is drawn especially to economic growth that diverges significantly in different post-transition countries. The paper attempts to shed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Institutional change; Governmental learning; Economic growth; Agribusiness; B52; D80; O43.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115364
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The Pitfalls of Transition: Crowding Out the “National Virtues” AgEcon
Miljkovic, Dragan.
In this paper a view is advanced that explains why the transition to markets did not always lead to the outcomes predicted by the Washington Consensus type strategies. Institutional portfolio theory is used to define a myriad of interests and goals of a transition economy. A model is developed in which external intervention and increased external monitoring are shown to lead to lessening of the intrinsic motivation within transition economies to pursue the reforms as prescribed by Washington Consensus sometimes resulting in very slow growth rates or even a decline of the GDP.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: External monitoring; Institutional change; Intrinsic motivation; Portfolio theory; Washington consensus; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; P21; O43.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8520
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The Resource Curse: A State and Provincial Analysis AgEcon
Olayele, Bankole Fred.
A puzzling piece of empirical evidence suggests that countries rich in natural resources tend to have dismal economic performance. This paradigm has come to be known as the “resource curse”. This paper deals with the role of institutional quality in explaining the transmission mechanism of the resource curse. I attempt to explain this phenomenon by using the index of economic freedom developed by the Fraser Institute as a proxy for the quality of institutions. The outcomes of the linear and non-linear interactions between resource abundance and institutional quality turn out to be the key elements that determine the intensity, if existent, or otherwise of the resource curse. Rather than look at cross country data like many others, I focus on the 10...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Natural resource curse; Petroleum resources; Unbalanced panels; GMM estimation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; Q32; Q34; O43; O47.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57805
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Road to Specialization in Agricultural Production: Tales of 18 Natural Villages in China AgEcon
Qin, Yu; Zhang, Xiaobo.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/14/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Road; Agricultural specialization; Intermediate input; Agricultural income; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; O18; O43.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103882
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INSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONING FOR THE DIVERSIFICATION PROCESS OF ECONOMY AgEcon
Nemchenko, Galina; Tokarev, Yuriy.
Despite numerous appeals, since the beginning 1987, to diversify the economy of Russia, the aim is not achieved. The article argues that the diversification as a process lacks adequate institutional conditioning. Path-dependency provided stability to economic growth while the structure of economy remains mainly unchanged. Global financial crisis gives an opportunity to stir up discussion on diversification as driving factor of innovative development. The author believes that methodology and theory of constructing sustained and diversified productions is mechanically imported from foreign sources, regardless institutional realities of Russian market. Considering all this, the paper suggests creating institutional framework capable to manage processes of...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Diversification of economy; Institutional transformation; Path-dependency; Organizations.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O43; R11.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94569
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The Fragility of Social Capital AgEcon
Antoci, Angelo; Sabatini, Fabio; Sodini, Mauro.
This paper addresses two hot topics of the contemporary debate, social capital and economic growth. Our theoretical analysis sheds light on decisive but so far neglected issues: how does social capital accumulate over time? Which is the relationship between social capital, technical progress and economic growth in the long run? The analysis shows that the economy may be attracted by alternative steady states, depending on the initial social capital endowments and cultural exogenous parameters representing the relevance of social interaction and trust in well-being and production. When material consumption and relational goods are substitutable, the choice to devote more and more time to private activities may lead the economy to a “social poverty trap”,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Economic Growth; Technical Progress; Social Interactions; Social Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A13; D03; O43; Z13.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50401
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On the Growth Performance of Sub-Saharan African Countries AgEcon
Busse, Matthias.
The article discusses some of the most important reasons for the poor growth performance of most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. While high protection levels in high-income countries in Europe and North America for agricultural trade have been cited as a major impediment for the development of African countries, they are unlikely to play a major role. Rather, a lack of integration into world markets and the relatively poor quality of African institutions are more likely to explain the low growth rates.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Growth; Institutions; Sub-Saharan Africa; Trade; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; N17; O43.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93797
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Firm Heterogeneity, Contract Enforcement, and the Industry Dynamics of Offshoring AgEcon
Naghavi, Alireza; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P..
We develop an endogenous growth model to study the long run consequences of offshoring with firm heterogeneity and incomplete contracts. In so doing, we model offshoring as the geographical fragmentation of a firm’s production chain between a home upstream division and a foreign downstream one. On the positive side, we show that, when contracts are incomplete, the possibility of offshoring has favorable implications for economic growth. Yet, offshoring induced by a higher bargaining power of the upstream division can hamper growth: while there is always a positive correlation between upstream bargaining weight and offshoring activities, there is a non-monotonic relationship between these and growth. Whether offshoring with incomplete contracts also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Offshoring; Heterogeneous Firms; Incomplete Contracts; Growth; Industry Dynamics; Industrial Organization; D23; F23; L23; O31; O43.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52542
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The Oil-Based Economies International Research Project. The Case of Iran AgEcon
Verdinejad, Fereydoun; Gorji, Yasaman.
In order to activate the cycle of wealth production, promote social justice and eliminate poverty and inequality, developing countries are currently faced with a multiplicity of structural problems. According to some economic theories, this is mainly due to inefficient or lack of access to financial resources, which has proved a major obstacle in activating the cycle of wealth production in such countries. On this assumption, countries with huge oil reserves including Iran, should not encounter obstacles in terms of creating and accelerating the national cycle of wealth production. However, the fact is almost all major oil-producing countries and the main exporters of petroleum products in the world are dealing with serious structural issues in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Oil-Based Economies; Iran; Wealth Production; Income Distribution; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O; O43; Q43; Q48.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91007
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Thirty Years of Agricultural Transition in China (1977-2007) and the "New Rural Campaign" AgEcon
Jia, Xiangping; Fock, Achim.
Agriculture in China has experienced a compelling growth in the early 1980s, a buoyant upbeat in the early 1990s, and an extended period of low growth after 1995. Decollectivization, mar-ket reforms, public investments and technology have played a critical role during this overall successful process. However, the transition has also led to increasing inequalities between the agricultural and non-agricultural population, and substantial institutional issues remain to be fully addressed. The Chinese government is now reemphasizing agriculture and rural develop-ment under its New Rural Campaign with the objective to address rural-urban inequalities, but a stronger emphasis on participation and tenure reforms is warranted.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Rural development; Transition; Institutions; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O43; P21; P32.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7953
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