SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Uchida,R.R.; Del-Ben,C.M.; Santos,A.C.; Araújo,D.; Crippa,J.A.; Guimarães,F.S.; Graeff,F.G..

Reported neuroimaging studies have shown functional and morphological changes of temporal lobe structures in panic patients, but only one used a volumetric method. The aim of the present study was to determine the volume of temporal lobe structures in patients with panic disorder, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Eleven panic patients and eleven controls matched for age, sex, handedness, socioeconomic status and years of education participated in the study. The mean volume of the left temporal lobe of panic patients was 9% smaller than that of controls (t21 = 2.37, P = 0.028). In addition, there was a trend (P values between 0.05 and 0.10) to smaller volumes of the right temporal lobe (7%, t21 = 1.99, P = 0.06), right amygdala (8%, t21 = 1.83, P =...

Effects of chronic corticosterone and imipramine administration on panic and anxiety-related responses

Palavras-chave: Panic disorder; Temporal lobe; Magnetic resonance imaging; Volumetric analysis.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000700014

Diniz,L.; dos Reis,B.B.; de Castro,G.M.; Medalha,C.C.; Viana,M.B..

It is known that chronic high levels of corticosterone (CORT) enhance aversive responses such as avoidance and contextual freezing. In contrast, chronic CORT does not alter defensive behavior induced by the exposure to a predator odor. Since different defense-related responses have been associated with specific anxiety disorders found in clinical settings, the observation that chronic CORT alters some defensive behaviors but not others might be relevant to the understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic CORT administration (through surgical implantation of a 21-day release 200 mg pellet) on avoidance acquisition and escape expression by male Wistar rats (200 g in weight at the beginning of the...

Dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation facilitates anxiety-, but not panic-related, defensive responses in rats tested in the elevated T-maze

Palavras-chave: Corticosterone; Imipramine; Generalized anxiety disorder; Panic disorder; Elevated T-maze.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011001000010

Camplesi Jr,M.; Bortoli,V.C.de; Soares,V. de Paula; Nogueira,R.L.; Zangrossi Jr.,H..

The escape response to electrical or chemical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) has been associated with panic attacks. In order to explore the validity of the DPAG stimulation model for the study of panic disorder, we determined if the aversive consequences of the electrical or chemical stimulation of this midbrain area can be detected subsequently in the elevated T-maze. This animal model, derived from the elevated plus-maze, permits the measurement in the same rat of a generalized anxiety- and a panic-related defensive response, i.e., inhibitory avoidance and escape, respectively. Facilitation of inhibitory avoidance, suggesting an anxiogenic effect, was detected in male Wistar rats (200-220 g) tested in the elevated T-maze 30...

Effects of reversible inactivation of the dorsomedial hypothalamus on panic- and anxiety-related responses in rats

Palavras-chave: Panic disorder; Anxiety; Elevated T-maze; Dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012001100005

Nascimento,J.O.G.; Zangrossi Jr.,H.; Viana,M.B..

The medial hypothalamus is part of a neurobiological substrate controlling defensive behavior. It has been shown that a hypothalamic nucleus, the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), is involved in the regulation of escape, a defensive behavior related to panic attacks. The role played by the DMH in the organization of conditioned fear responses, however, is less clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of reversible inactivation of the DMH with the GABA A agonist muscimol on inhibitory avoidance acquisition and escape expression by male Wistar rats (approximately 280 g in weight) tested in the elevated T-maze (ETM). In the ETM, inhibitory avoidance, a conditioned defensive response, has been associated with generalized anxiety disorder. Results...

Smoking and psychiatric disorders: a comorbidity survey

Palavras-chave: Muscimol; Generalized anxiety disorder; Panic disorder; Dorsomedial hypothalamus; Elevated T-maze.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2010000900009

Lopes,F.L.; Nascimento,I.; Zin,W.A.; Valença,A.M.; Mezzasalma,M.A.; Figueira,I.; Nardi,A.E..

Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a positive correlation between smoking and psychiatric disorders. To investigate the prevalence of cigarette smoking, 277 psychiatric outpatients with anxiety or depressive disorders (DSM-IV) answered a self-evaluation questionnaire about smoking behavior and were compared with a group of 68 control subjects. The diagnoses (N = 262) were: 30.2% (N = 79) major depressive disorder, 23.3% (N = 61) panic disorder, 15.6% (N = 41) social anxiety disorder, 7.3% (N = 19) other anxiety disorders, and 23.7% (N = 62) comorbidity disorders. Among them, 26.3% (N = 69) were smokers, 23.7% (N = 62) were former smokers and 50.0% (N = 131) were nonsmokers. The prevalence of nicotine dependence among the smokers was 59.0%...

Clinical features of panic patients sensitive to hyperventilation or breath-holding methods for inducing panic attacks

Palavras-chave: Smoking; Panic disorder; Social anxiety disorder; Depression; Depressive disorder.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2002000800013

Nardi,A.E.; Valença,A.M.; Lopes,F.L.; Nascimento,I.; Mezzasalma,M.A.; Zin,W.A..

Our aim was to compare the clinical features of panic disorder (PD) patients sensitive to hyperventilation or breath-holding methods of inducing panic attacks. Eighty-five PD patients were submitted to both a hyperventilation challenge test and a breath-holding test. They were asked to hyperventilate (30 breaths/min) for 4 min and a week later to hold their breath for as long as possible, four times with a 2-min interval. Anxiety scales were applied before and after the tests. We selected the patients who responded with a panic attack to just one of the tests, i.e., those who had a panic attack after hyperventilating (HPA, N = 24, 16 females, 8 males, mean age ± SD = 38.5 ± 12.7 years) and those who had a panic attack after breath holding (BHPA, N = 20, 11...

Psychopharmacotherapy of panic disorder: 8-week randomized trial with clonazepam and paroxetine

Palavras-chave: Anxiety disorder; Challenge tests; Panic disorder; Hyperventilation; Breath holding.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000200013

Nardi,A.E.; Valença,A.M.; Freire,R.C.; Mochcovitch,M.D.; Amrein,R.; Sardinha,A.; Levitan,M.N.; Nascimento,I.; de-Melo-Neto,V.L.; King,A.L.; de O. e Silva,A.C.; Veras,A.B.; Dias,G.P.; Soares-Filho,G.L.; da Costa,R.T.; Mezzasalma,M.A.; de Carvalho,M.R.; de Cerqueira,A.C.; Hallak,J.E.; Crippa,J.A.; Versiani,M..

The objective of the present randomized, open-label, naturalistic 8-week study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with clonazepam (N = 63) and paroxetine (N = 57) in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Efficacy assessment included number of panic attacks and clinician ratings of the global severity of panic disorders with the clinical global impression (CGI) improvement (CGI-I) and CGI severity (CGI-S) scales. Most patients were females (69.8 and 68.4% in the clonazepam and paroxetine groups, respectively) and age (mean ± SD) was 35.9 ± 9.6 years for the clonazepam group and 33.7 ± 8.8 years for the paroxetine group. Treatment with clonazepam versus paroxetine resulted in fewer weekly panic attacks at week 4 (0.1 vs...

The size and prevalence of the cavum septum pellucidum are normal in subjects with panic disorder

Palavras-chave: Paroxetine; Clonazepam; Panic disorder; Efficacy; Safety.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000400015

Crippa,J.A.S.; Uchida,R.; Busatto,G.F.; Guimarães,F.S.; Del-Ben,C.M.; Zuardi,A.W.; Santos,A.C.; Araújo,D.; McGuire,P.K.; Graeff,F.G..

Panic disorder is thought to involve dysfunction in the septohippocampal system, and the presence of a cavum septum pellucidum might indicate the aberrant development of this system. We compared the prevalence and size of cavum septum pellucidum in 21 patients with panic disorder and in 21 healthy controls by magnetic resonance imaging. The length of the cavum septum pellucidum was measured by counting the number of consecutive 1-mm coronal slices in which it appeared. A cavum septum pellucidum of >6 mm in length was rated as large. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients (16 of 21 or 76.2%) and controls (18 of 21 or 85.7%) with a cavum septum pellucidum (P = 0.35, Fisher's exact test, one-tailed), and no members of either...

The inactivation of the basolateral nucleus of the rat amygdala has an anxiolytic effect in the elevated T-maze and light/dark transition tests

Palavras-chave: Cavum septum pellucidum; Panic disorder; Neuroimaging; Magnetic resonance imaging.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000300013

Bueno,C.H.; Zangrossi Jr.,H.; Viana,M.B..

Pharmacological evidence indicates that the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) is involved in the mediation of inhibitory avoidance but not of escape behavior in the elevated T-maze test. These defensive responses have been associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder, respectively. In the present study, we determined whether the BLA plays a differential role in the control of inhibitory avoidance and escape responses in the elevated T-maze. Male Wistar rats (250-280 g, N = 9-10 in each treatment group) were pre-exposed to one of the open arms of the maze for 30 min and 24 h later tested in the model after inactivation of the BLA by a local injection of the GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (8 nmol in 0.2 µL). It has been...

Mirtazapine versus fluoxetine in the treatment of panic disorder

Palavras-chave: Muscimol; Generalized anxiety disorder; Panic disorder; Amygdala; Elevated T-maze; Light/dark transition test in the rat.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005001100019

Ribeiro,L.; Busnello,J.V.; Kauer-Sant'Anna,M.; Madruga,M.; Quevedo,J.; Busnello,E.A.D.; Kapczinski,F..

Mirtazapine is an antidepressant whose side effect profile differs from that of first-line agents (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) used in the treatment of panic disorder. The present study compared the effect of mirtazapine and fluoxetine in the treatment of panic disorder in a double-blind, randomized, flexible-dose trial conducted with outpatients. After a 1-week single-blind placebo run-in, 27 patients entered an 8-week double-blind phase in which they were randomly assigned to treatment with either mirtazapine or fluoxetine. Both groups improved significantly in all but one efficacy measure (P<=0.01). ANOVA showed no significant differences between the two treatment groups in number of panic attacks, Hamilton Anxiety Scale or Sheehan...