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Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise Ecology and Society
Conway, Gordon; The Rockefeller Foundation; president@rockfound.org.
GM foods have the potential to provide significant benefits for developing countries. Over 800 million people are chronically undernourished, and 180 million children are severely underweight for their age. By 2020, there will be an extra two billion mouths to feed. Ecological approaches that underpin sustainable agriculture (e.g., integrated pest management) and participatory approaches that strengthen farmers' own experimentation and decision making are key. Biotechnology will be an essential partner, if yield ceilings are to be raised, if crops are to be grown without excessive reliance on pesticides, and if farmers on less favored lands are to be provided with crops that are resistant to drought and salinity, and that can use nitrogen and other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.); Food security; Genetically modified rice; GM foods; Intellectual property rights; Marker-aided selection; Monsanto; Participatory approaches; Plant biotechnology; Plant variety protection; Terminator technology; Vitamin A deficiency.
Ano: 2000
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Success Factors in Integrated Natural Resource Management R&D: Lessons from Practice Ecology and Society
Chuma, Edward; University of Zimbabwe; chuma@africaonline.co.zw; Murwira, Kuda; Rural Development Consultant/Facilitator; kmurwira@zol.co.zw; Connolly, Mike; Agritex-GTZ Change Management Program; Mconnoly@internet.co.zw; Ficarelli, Paolo; Broadening Agricultural Service Delivery Program; BASE.GTZ@pixie.co.za.
This paper analyzes integrated natural resource management (INRM) lessons and success factors based on a practical case study over more than 10 years in Zimbabwe. The work was geared toward enhancing the adaptive management capacity of the stakeholders in their resource-use systems. One main result was the development and institutionalization of an approach for participatory and integrated NRM research and extension. The INRM approach described is grounded in a learning paradigm and a combination of theories: the constructivist perspective to development, systemic intervention, and learning process approaches. Participatory action research and experiential learning, in which researchers engage themselves as actors rather than neutral analysts in an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Change management; Facilitation; Impact assessment; Institutionalization; Learning processes; Local organizational development; Natural resource management; Participatory approaches; Systemic intervention.
Ano: 2002
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Cultivating Communication: Participatory Approaches in Land Restoration in Iceland Ecology and Society
Berglund, Brita; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland; brita@lbhi.is; Hallgren, Lars; Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ; Lars.Hallgren@slu.se.
Stakeholder participation in environmental management is increasing. Staff of environmental agencies, however, often lack training in communication and in conducting participatory processes. Their interpretation of “participation” is of interest because interpretation affects how participation is practiced. We explored how participation was interpreted within the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland and how the interpretation affected how participation was carried out in two land restoration projects. Our methods included semi-structured interviews with agency staff and involved stakeholders, participant observations, and document review. The findings showed that participation was seen as a method to accomplish the agency’s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Environmental management; Influence; Interaction; Interpretation of participation; Joint gains; Land restoration; Participatory approaches; Participatory processes.
Ano: 2013
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Avaliação participativa de agroecossistemas de base familiar por meio de indicadores biofísicos no Semiárido brasileiro. Infoteca-e
FARIAS, J. L. de S.; SOUZA, H. A. de; POMPEU, R. C. F. F.; GUEDES, F. L.; FERNANDES, F. E. P..
Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização de práticas agroecológicas como instrumentos para a sustentabilidade ambiental de agroecossistemas de base familiar no Semiárido brasileiro, utilizando metodologia participativa com agricultores locais sobre atributos do solo e sanidade dos cultivos.
Tipo: Comunicado Técnico (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Agroecossistema; Qualidade do solo; Metodologia participativa; Construção participativa do conhecimento; Abordagem participativa; Semiárido; Participatory approaches; Participatory rural appraisal; Smallholders.; Ecologia vegetal; Agricultura Familiar; Caatinga; Comunidade rural; Salinidade; Solo; Agroecology; Rural communities; Plant ecology; Semiarid zones; Brazil..
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1053910
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