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Registros recuperados: 45
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An alternative policy evaluation of the British Columbia carbon tax: broadening the application of Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for managing common-pool resources Ecology and Society
Lacroix, Karine; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; lacroixk@uvic.ca; Richards, Garrett; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; gwr@uvic.ca.
Climate change is putting infrastructure, food supply, water resources, ecosystems, and human health at risk. These risks will be exacerbated depending on the degree of additional greenhouse gas emissions. Urgent action is needed to limit the severity of impacts associated with further warming. British Columbia (BC) has taken action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from carbon-based fuels by introducing a carbon tax in 2008. As an innovative approach to climate change mitigation, especially in North America, studies evaluating its effectiveness are valuable. We assessed the long-term viability potential of the BC carbon tax using common pool resource design principles, a novel application of the design principles to environmental policy. We found that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: British Columbia carbon tax; Common-pool resource; Elinor Ostrom design principles; Policy analysis.
Ano: 2015
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Expanding the Role of Systems Modeling: Considering Byproduct Generation from Biofuel Production Ecology and Society
Rosentrater, Kurt A; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov.
The bioethanol industry has been experiencing rapid growth over the past several years, and is expected to continue to increase production for the foreseeable future. A vital component to the success of this industry is the sales and marketing of processing residues, which are primarily sold as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Systems modeling, a technique that has been used to predict future demand for bioethanol, can also be used to determine potential byproduct generation rates. This paper discusses the development of one such model, and presents predicted generation of DDGS as well as carbon dioxide emissions from this industry through 2100. These simulation results underscore the growing need to actively pursue research focused on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response Palavras-chave: Bioethanol; Biofuels; Byproducts; Carbon dioxide emissions; Distillers grains; Dynamic systems modeling; Policy analysis; Residue generation.
Ano: 2006
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The European Water Framework Directive: How Ecological Assumptions Frame Technical and Social Change Ecology and Society
Steyaert, Patrick; French National Agricultural Research Institute (INRA); psteyaert@grignon.inra.fr; Ollivier, Guillaume; French National Agricultural Research Institute (INRA); guillaume.ollivier@avignon.inra.fr.
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is built upon significant cognitive developments in the field of ecological science but also encourages active involvement of all interested parties in its implementation. The coexistence in the same policy text of both substantive and procedural approaches to policy development stimulated this research as did our concerns about the implications of substantive ecological visions within the WFD policy for promoting, or not, social learning processes through participatory designs. We have used a qualitative analysis of the WFD text which shows the ecological dimension of the WFD dedicates its quasi-exclusive attention to a particular current of thought in ecosystems science focusing on ecosystems status and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Ecological status; Policy analysis; Public participation; Reference system; Social learning; Water Framework Directive..
Ano: 2007
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Exploring the Promise of Actor Analysis for Environmental Policy Analysis: Lessons from Four Cases in Water Resources Management Ecology and Society
Hermans, Leon M.; Delft University of Technology; l.m.hermans@tudelft.nl.
A persistent challenge for the development of well-informed and sound environmental policies is to improve the connection between environmental experts, decision makers, and other involved actors. Answers are sought in processes for social learning and adaptive co-management that engage experts, decision makers, and local actors in an interactive way of policy making. The preparation and organization of such interactive processes is usefully supported by actor analysis, which can help to identify the main actors to be involved in environmental policy making, to locate useful local knowledge, to identify potential conflicts, and to assess the feasibility of different policy measures. I explored the promise that actor analysis holds to support environmental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Actor analysis; Environmental policy; Policy analysis; Stakeholder analysis; Water resources management.
Ano: 2008
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The Role of Systems Modeling for Sustainable Development Policy Analysis: the Case of Bio-Ethanol Ecology and Society
Chan, Albert W; National Research Council of Canada; albert.chan@nrc.ca; Hoffman, Robert T; ;; McInnis, Bert; ;.
A dynamic systems modeling technique has been developed to assess technologies according to the criterion of sustainability. In a case study, the potential contribution of bio-ethanol toward achieving Canada’s commitment to the Kyoto targets for greenhouse gas reductions is analyzed. The analysis concludes that, although bio-ethanol may help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the technology by itself is insufficient to meet the Kyoto target. Applying the systems modeling approach to analyze sustainability helps highlight those policy issues that warrant more in-depth study. Although the systems model may not provide definitive answers, it raises relevant questions about physical constraints that might be encountered and estimates the extent to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Bio-ethanol; Biofuels; Dynamic systems modeling; Emission targets; Energy crops; Light-duty vehicles; Policy analysis; Sustainability analysis.
Ano: 2004
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Safe Harbors: The Many Benefits of Marine Monuments and Sanctuaries ArchiMer
Bruno, John F.; Saumweber, Whitley; Crowder, Larry B.; Pendleton, Linwood; Roady, Stephen E.; Rouleau, Tracy; Sakashita, Miyoko.
The United States has been at the forefront of marine resource stewardship since the 1970s when Federal officials began to implement a series of national policies aimed at the conservation and management of public trust resources in the ocean. Beginning with the establishment of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 1970, soon followed by several pieces of landmark legislation, this era marked the start of a continuing effort to integrate ecosystem science with marine resource management. Among the most important bipartisan legacies of this effort has been the steady expansion of marine managed areas in U.S. coastal and ocean waters. This legacy is being challenged as the Trump Administration considers whether to alter or eliminate the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marine ecosystem; Conservation; Policy analysis; Biodiversity; MPAs; Reserves.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00636/74810/75183.pdf
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CHARM : Atlas des Habitats des Ressources Marines de la Manche Orientale ArchiMer
Carpentier, Andre; Coppin, Franck; Dauvin, Jean-claude; Desroy, Nicolas; Dewarumez, Jean-marie; Eastwood, Paul D.; Ernande, Bruno; Harrop, Stuart; Kemp, Zarine; Koubbi, Philippe; Williams, Nigel Leader; Lefebvre, Alain; Lemoine, Michel; Loots, Christophe; S. Martin, Corinne; Meaden, Geoff J.; Ryan, Nick; Tan, Lei; Vaz, Sandrine; Walkey, Mike.
INTRODUCTION: The Dover Strait (Figure 1) connects the North Sea to the English Channel. Here, northern France and South-East England are at their closest. This narrow corridor, one of the world's busiest straits for maritime shipping, is a key economic area for numerous activities, such as leisure and tourism, international ports and shipping, plus the exploitation of living or abiotic marine resources. This area is a significant resource for fisheries because many commercial fish species are abundant there, but also because of the presence of nursery and spawning areas and migratory routes linked to specific environmental characteristics. The vulnerability of these resources, which are subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures, has brought together...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Survey; Landings; Larvae; Eastern channel; Benthos; Fish; Sig; Policy analysis; Species protection; Habita protection; Protected areas; Marine biodiversity conservation.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/rapport-2350.pdf
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Agricultural Trade Restrictiveness in the European Union and the United States AgEcon
Bureau, Jean-Christophe; Salvatici, Luca.
This paper provides a summary measure of the Uruguay Round tariff reduction commitments in the European Union and the United States, using the Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Index (MTRI) as the tariff aggregator. We compute the index for agricultural commodity aggregates assuming a specific (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) functional form for import demand. The levels of the MTRI under the actual commitments of the Uruguay Round are computed and compared with two hypothetical cases, the Swiss Formula leading to a 36 percent average decrease in tariffs and a uniform 36 percent reduction of each tariff. This makes it possible to infer how reducing tariff dispersion would help improve market access in future trade agreements.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Income; International agricultural trade; Policy analysis; Tariffs and tariff factors; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18594
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WTO Doha Round: Impact of an Agreement on Agriculture and the Importance of Sensitive Products AgEcon
Binfield, Julian C.R.; Donnellan, Trevor; Hanrahan, Kevin F.; Westhoff, Patrick C..
The Doha round of WTO negotiations has been ongoing since 2001. In the summer of 2008 the negotiations on the modalities for a new WTO agriculture agreement collapsed when seemingly on the verge of a successful conclusion. In this paper we present quantitative analysis of the impact of a new WTO agreement undertaken using a partial equilibrium model of Irish and EU agriculture. Results are presented on the agreement’s impact on Irish and EU-27 agriculture markets and on Irish agricultural sector incomes. Our analysis highlights the importance of the Baseline counter-factual, and will illustrate that protection afforded by the conferral of sensitive product status differs from commodity to commodity. The paper will draw conclusions concerning the economic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: WTO; Agriculture; Policy analysis; Partial equilibrium modelling; Baseline; Scenario analysis; Tariffs; Tariff rate quota; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50936
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Internationaler Handel und multifunktionale Landwirtschaft : Ein Agrarsektormodell zur Analyse Politischer Optionen und Entscheidungsunterstutzung AgEcon
Weber, Gerald.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; Policy analysis; Agricultural trade; Multifunctionality; External effects; Taxes; Subsidies; Sector modeling; International Relations/Trade; C61; C69; D62; H23; H41; Q71; Q18.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18824
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Impact Of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Targets On Agricultural Activity AgEcon
Donnellan, Trevor; Gillespie, Patrick; Hanrahan, Kevin F..
As part of its continuing commitment to address the causes of climate change, the EU has agreed reduction targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be achieved by 2020. In the case of Ireland the target is a reduction of 20 percent relative to the 2005 level. Agriculture is a major source of GHG emissions in Ireland, comprising 26.8 percent of total GHG emissions in 2007. Understanding the scale and cost of the decrease in agricultural production required to achieve this reduction in GHG emissions is particularly important, as is the comparison of the cost of this approach with a range of possible other means of achieving emissions reductions in the sector. This study finds that, even with reduced fertiliser usage and more extensive production...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Policy analysis; Partial equilibrium modelling; Baseline; Scenario analysis; GHG; Kyoto; Climate; Ireland; FAPRI; EU Gold Model; Abatements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q17; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51050
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MCDM Farm System Analysis for Public Management of Irrigated Agriculture AgEcon
Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio; Berbel, Julio; Arriaza Balmón, Manuel.
In this paper we present a methodology within the multi-criteria paradigm to assist policy decision-making on water management for irrigation. In order to predict farmers' response to policy changes a separate multi-attribute utility function for each homogeneous group, attained applying cluster analysis, is elicited. The results of several empirical applications of this methodology suggest an improvement of the ability to simulate farmers' decision-making process compared to other approaches. Once the utility functions are obtained the policy maker can evaluate the differential impacts on each cluster and the overall impacts in the area of study (i.e. a river basin) by aggregation. On the empirical side, the authors present some studies for different...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Multi-attribute utility theory; Water management; Irrigation; Policy analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q25; Q15; C61.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24676
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Semi-subsistence Farm Households in Central and South-eastern Europe: Current State and Future Perspectives AgEcon
Fritzsch, Jana; Wegener, Stefan; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Curtiss, Jarmila; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio.
The European Union (EU) introduced a special transitional semi-subsistence measure to promote the smallest agricultural producers, so-called semi-subsistence farm households (SFHs) in the enlargement process. An outlook on the future of SFHs requires comprehensive and reliable information on the phenomenon and the impact of policy measures on their development. Therefore, a survey using a standardised questionnaire was conducted in Poland (175 households), Romania (185 households), and Bulgaria (184 households) from July to September 2007. In a first step, four major types of SFHs could be identified by means of cluster analysis: (i) rural diversifiers, (ii) rural pensioners, (iii) farmers, and (iv) rural newcomers. In a second step, a multiobjective...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Semi-subsistence; Policy analysis; Transition countries; Multiobjective linear programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; P27; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51444
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POLICY ANALYSIS IN AN IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE MARKET: A CONJECTURAL VARIATIONS MODEL FOR THE FOOD MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY AgEcon
Maier, Leopold.
The effects of government policies are analyzed in a conjectural variations model of U.S. food manufacturing. The policy elasticities of the perfectly competitive model are valid predictors of policy effects irrespective of the type of oligopoly. Changes in the degree of competition may alter the magnitude of the policy elasticities. Keywords: firm behavior, market structure, imperfect competition, conjectural variations model, policy analysis, food manufacturing
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Firm behavior; Market structure; Imperfect competition; Conjectural variations model; Policy analysis; Food manufacturing; Agribusiness; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6878
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POLÍTICAS MUNICIPAIS DE SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR: O CASO DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPINAS, SP AgEcon
Leite, Juliana Pires de Arruda; Arraes, Nilson Antonio Modesto.
The emergence of decentralized programs of Food Security in Brazil reinforces the importance of analyzing processes of formulation, implementation and evaluation of results and impacts of these initiatives. The objective of the present study was to characterize the Food Security Program of Campinas City (São Paulo State), contributing to the discussion about the municipal administration in this field. The analytical reference concerns three main dimensions of municipal public policies: the institutional dimension – policy; the procedural dimension (search of objectives and decision process) – politics; and the material dimension (programs configuration, technical problems and material content of decisions) – policy. The procedural dimension...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy analysis; Campinas-SP; Food supply..
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43830
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Understanding the Institutional Evolution of the European Rural Policy: A Methodological Approach AgEcon
Delgado, Maria del Mar; Ramos, Eduardo.
Last decades have seen the development of a new rural policy. Different problems occurring in rural areas have pushed the EU Commission to draft policy instruments aiming to address them. However this rural policy path has not always been explicit neither has followed a continuous trend but rather has seen a series of forward and backward steps. Given the lack of a method to establish the relevance and the level of political acceptance of EU rural policy, a methodology has been developed. This methodology has tried to identify the EU political procedure trend, though this is not a formal sequence, and to establish a classification of different events according to a proposed hierarchy. Several EU documents, decisions, directives and financial resource...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Rural development; Policy analysis; Institutional processes; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24782
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Are EU spatial ex ante coexistence regulations proportional? AgEcon
Demont, Matty; Daems, W.; Dillen, Koen; Mathijs, Erik; Sausse, C.; Tollens, Eric.
The EU is currently struggling to implement coherent coexistence regulations on genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops in all member states. While it stresses that any approach needs to be “proportionate to the aim of achieving coexistence”, very few studies have actually attempted to assess whether the proposed spatial ex ante coexistence regulations (SEACERs) satisfy this proportionality condition. In this article, we define proportionality as a functional relationship which is weakly increasing in the incentives for coexistence. We propose a spatial framework based on an existing landscape and introduce the new concept of shadow factor as a measure for the opportunity costs induced by SEACERs. This enables comparing the proportionality of (i) rigid...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Policy analysis; GIS; Shadow factor; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44191
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CAP-reform and the provision of non-commodity outputs in Brandenburg AgEcon
Happe, Kathrin; Damgaard, Martin; Osuch, Amanda; Sattler, Claudia; Zander, Peter; Uthes, Sandra; Schuler, Johannes; Piorr, Annette.
This paper presents an attempt to model the response of selected farms to decoupled direct payments and the associated impact on the provision of a defined set of non-commodity outputs (NCO’s) using a combined modelling approach consisting of the AgriPoliS and MODAM models. AgriPoliS focuses on the socio-economic dimension of multifunctionality at the individual farm and regional levels and explicitly models heterogeneous farms (in size, location and efficiency) within a competitive and dynamic environment. The linear-programming model MODAM allows a detailed representation of production processes and their impact on the environmental dimension of multifunctionality at the farm level. We simulate the impact of a uniform area payment and a fully decoupled...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Multifunctionality; Non-commodity outputs; Modelling; Simulation; Policy analysis; Ecological indicators; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97193
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THE CALIBRATION OF INCOMPLETE DEMAND SYSTEMS IN QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AgEcon
Beghin, John C.; Bureau, Jean-Christophe; Drogue, Sophie.
We introduce an easily implemented and flexible calibration technique for partial demand systems, combining recent developments in incomplete demand systems and a set of restrictions conditioned on the available elasticity estimates. The technique accommodates various degrees of knowledge on cross-price elasticities, satisfies curvature restrictions, and allows the recovery of an exact welfare measure for policy analysis. The technique is illustrated with a partial demand system for food consumption in Korea for different states of knowledge on cross-price effects. The consumer welfare impact of food and agricultural trade liberalization is measured.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Calibration; Exact welfare measure; Incomplete demand systems; Policy analysis; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18462
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Greenhouse Gas and Nitrogen Fertilizer Scenarios for U.S. Agriculture and Global Biofuels AgEcon
Elobeid, Amani E.; Carriquiry, Miguel A.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Mulik, Kranti; Hayes, Dermot J.; Babcock, Bruce A.; Dumortier, Jerome; Rosas, Francisco.
This analysis uses the 2011 FAPRI-CARD (Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute–Center for Agricultural and Rural Development) baseline to evaluate the impact of four alternative scenarios on U.S. and world agricultural markets, as well as on world fertilizer use and world agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. A key assumption in the 2011 baseline is that ethanol support policies disappear in 2012. The baseline also assumes that existing biofuel mandates remain in place and are binding. Two of the scenarios are adverse supply shocks, the first being a 10% increase in the price of nitrogen fertilizer in the United States, and the second, a reversion of cropland into forestland. The third scenario examines how lower energy prices would impact world...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Afforestation; Energy price; Ethanol tax credit; Fertilizer; Partial equilibrium model; Policy analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107043
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