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Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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Kerr, William A.. |
Much has been made of "special and differential" treatment in the Doha Development Round of WTO negotiations. In particular, a conscious effort has been made to infer that special and differential treatment will promote development. While special and differential treatment may be a necessary evil given developing countries' higher adjustment costs, dignifying it as a development mechanism plays into the hands of protectionist interests. In particular, by allowing a general increase in the ability of developing countries to isolate their economies, it may reduce the efficacy of important forces that prod institutional reforms in developing countries. As institutional reform is one of the keys to economic development, lionizing special and differential... |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Development; Institutional reform; Protectionism; Special and differential treatment; WTO; International Development. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23896 |
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Kerr, William A.. |
In the economic model that underlies the WTO the only group that can be expected to ask for protection is producers in importing countries. The existing multilateral trade architecture reflects that assumption. Much of the recent criticism of the multilateral trade regime has arisen as a result of new groups explicitly asking domestic politicians for protection. As these groups were not expected to ask for protection, the international trade regime does not allow domestic politicians to extend protection on the basis of the new demands. Further, countries are expected to perceive benefits from trade liberalisation. These benefits must be balanced against the expected political benefits of protectionism (and their associated welfare costs) when trade... |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Consumers; Environmentalists; Failed economies; Producers; Protectionism; Welfare; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23903 |
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Elmarzougui, Eskandar; Larue, Bruno. |
The relationship between corn and oil prices is not a stable one. We identified three breaks in the relationship between corn and oil prices. The first break coincides with the second oil crisis. The second break marks the end of the agricultural export subsidy war between the EU and the US in the mid 1980s while the third one occurred at the beginning of the ethanol boom at the very end of the 1990s. The relationship between corn and oil prices tends to be stronger when oil prices are highly volatile and when agricultural policies create less distortion. The ethanol boom strengthened the relation between corn and oil prices which are (were not) cointegrated in the fourth regime (first three) regime(s). Impulse response functions confirm that corn prices... |
Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Oil; Corn; Structural changes; Cointegration; Ethanol; Protectionism; Agricultural and Food Policy; C32; Q11; Q17; Q40. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118580 |
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Margolis, Michael; Shogren, Jason F.. |
Trade has become the main mode of transport for many invasive species including diseases and agricultural pests. Most species are brought to their new homes unintentionally, which constitute a market failure rooted in international trade. Unless it is practical to drive invasion risk to zero, the external costs may justify a tariff. In this paper we analyze the political process likely to govern the formation of tariffs so justified, using a straightforward incorporation of an invasive species externality into Grossman and Helpman's well-known political economy model. We show our measure of disguised protectionism -the gap between the optimal tariff and that set in the equilibrium of the political economy game- is equal to the tariff that would be set if... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Protectionism; Tariff; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q17; Q56; Q57. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10770 |
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le Cotty, Tristan; Voituriez, Tancrede. |
When public goods are joint outputs of agricultural production, there is a trade-off between agricultural and non-agricultural provision of the public good. The principle of minimal price distortion in the reform of agricultural policies has led to a theoretical recommendation that public goods, if under-provided at agricultural free market level, should be promoted through non agricultural policies instead of agricultural policies. We show that the economies of scope between the agricultural production and the joint public good play a key role in determining the optimal way of providing this latter. If the policy designed is a non-agricultural policy, the production cost of the public good is higher than with an agricultural policy. If the policy designed... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Jointness; Coupled support; Protectionism; Public good; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25850 |
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Kerr, William A.. |
International trade law is very clear: national security concerns take precedent over any commitments in trade agreements. In response to the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001, the United States and other countries have been putting in place new anti-terrorist measures, many of which will act to inhibit international trade. As with any measure that inhibits international trade, these new measures will provide an economic benefit to domestic vested interests in importing countries. Guarding against the possibility of terrorist acts is by nature a speculative activity, and it is difficult to refute the need for the anti-terrorist measures put in place by governments. As a result, trading partners may be frustrated by what... |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agents; Capture; Cost; Essential security interests; Homeland security; National security; Protectionism; Terrorism; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23852 |
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Marette, Stephan; Beghin, John C.. |
We analyze the effects of a domestic standard that reduces an externality associated with the consumption of the good targeted by the standard, using a model in which foreign and domestic producers compete in the domestic good market. Producers can reduce expected damage associated with the externality by incurring a cost that varies by source of origin. Despite potential protectionism, the standard is useful in correcting the consumption externality in the domestic country. Protectionism occurs when the welfare-maximizing domestic standard is higher than the international standard maximizing welfare inclusive of foreign profits. The standard is actually anti-protectionist when foreign producers are much more efficient at addressing the externality than... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Externality; Nontariff barriers; Protectionism; Safety; Standard; Tariff equivalent; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10007 |
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Aranda,MA; Sgavioli,S; Domingues,CHF; Santos,ET; Nääs,IA; Moura,JB; Garcia,RG. |
ABSTRACT Trade liberalization during the last decades has increased among nations as a result of decreased tariffs. However, during the same period, market agents have created new protection measures to replace such mechanisms in an attempt to promote the domestic economic stability of countries, while expanding and ensuring the trade between nations. Considering that Brazil is the second largest broiler producer and chicken-meat exporter worldwide, the present study proposed to analyze the main barriers imposed on Brazilian chicken meat imports by the ten major importing countries. This is a documentary research with primary and secondary data, of a descriptive-exploratory nature, under a qualitative approach. Semi-structured questionnaires including... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Poultry production; International trade; Exports; Protectionism. |
Ano: 2019 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2019000200312 |
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Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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