SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Will Buying Tropical Forest Carbon Benefit The Poor? Evidence from Costa Rica

Osterle, Ines.

Policies aimed at reducing emissions from fossil fuels may increase climate damages. This “Green Paradox” emerges if resource owners increase near-term extraction in fear of stricter future policy measures. Hans-Werner Sinn (2008) showed that the paradox occurs when increasing resource taxes are applied within a basic exhaustible resource model. This article highlights that the emergence of the Green Paradox within this framework relies on the non-existence of a backstop technology and fixed fossil fuel resources. In doing this, it initially presents a basic exhaustible resource model which includes a backstop technology and shows that the implementation of a specific sales tax path is effective in mitigating global warming. Secondly, it considers the case...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Green Paradox; Supply-side dynamics; Climate Policy; Exhaustible Resources; Fossil Fuels; Exploration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q31; Q54; Q58; H23; H32.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122010

Kerr, Suzi; Lipper, Leslie; Pfaff, Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi, Romina; Davis, Benjamin; Hendy, Joanna; Sanchez, Arturo.

We review claims about the potential for carbon markets that link both payments for carbon services and poverty levels to ongoing rates of tropical deforestation. We then examine these effects empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. We find significant effects of the relative returns to forest on deforestation rates. Thus, carbon payments would induce conservation and also carbon sequestration, and if land users were poor could conserve forest while addressing rural poverty. However, we find poorer areas are less responsive to returns. This and transaction costs could lead carbon payments policies not to be focused upon the poor. Other practical considerations...

What are the Economic Prospects of Developing Aquaculture in Queensland to Supply the Low Price White Fillet Market? Lessons from the US Channel Catfish Industry

Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56; Q31.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23807

Lyster, Thorbjorn.

The farming of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is the largest (by volume and value) and most successful (in terms of market impact) aquaculture industry in the United States of America. Farmed channel catfish is the most consumed (in terms of volume per capita) fish fillet in the U.S. market. Within Australia, it has long been suggested by researchers and industry that silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) and possibly other endemic teraponid species possess similar biological attributes for aquaculture as channel catfish and may have the potential to generate a similar industry. The current teraponid industry in Australia, however, shows very little resemblance to the catfish industry, either in production style or market philosophy. A well established...

Changing Productivity in U.S. Petroleum Exploration and Development

Palavras-chave: Aquaculture industry; Channel catfish; Teraponid species; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q31.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51410

Bohi, Douglas R..

This study analyzes sources of productivity change in petroleum exploration and development in the United States over the last ten years. There have been several major developments in the industry over the last decade that have led to dramatic reductions in the cost of finding and developing oil and natural gas resources. While some of the cost savings are organizational and institutional in nature, the most important changes are in the application of new technologies used to find and produce oil and gas: 3D seismology, horizontal drilling, and deepwater drilling. Not all the innovation is endogenous to the industry; some rests on outside advances (such as advances in high-speed computing that enabled 3D seismology), as well as learning-by-doing. The...

Environmental Issues of Agriculture: Social Perception Analysis in Southern Spain

Palavras-chave: Petroleum supply; Technical change; World oil market; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q31; O31.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10902

Salazar-Ordonez, Melania; Sayadi, Samir.

Agriculture largely shapes the European ecosystems. Today the environmental social interest and the awareness that some farming practices destroy the natural environment is undeniable. Thus, the European decision maker’s emphasis on integrating social demands within the Common Agricultural Policy becomes unquestionable. In this context, this paper analyses: i) the degree of social compliance with soilerosion control from agriculture in Andalusia (southern Spain); ii) the degree of society’s concern about its agriculture; and iii)the respondent’s features that influence both perceptions.

Market Power and Shadow Prices for Nonrenewable Resources: An Empirical Dynamic Model

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Social Perception; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; D62; Q31.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44420

Lin, C.-Y. Cynthia; Zhang, Wei.

This paper estimates a dynamic model of the world market for nine nonrenewable resources over the period 1970-2004, and tests whether the countries supplying a nonrenewable resource behaved as price-takers or oligopolists. The model generates estimates of the shadow price of the nine minerals with minimal functional form assumptions. The results show that the countries supplying hard coal, lead, and oil behaved as oligopolists during the study period, while the world market for other nonrenewable resources could be characterized as perfectly competitive. The shadow prices do not increase monotonically, which is evidence for stock effects in extraction costs. The shadow prices of most minerals peaked between 1970 and 1980.

Revenue-Recycling and the Efficiency and Spatial Distributional Impacts of Development Taxes

Palavras-chave: Nonrenewable resources; Market power; Shadow price; Empirical dynamic model; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q31; L13.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103397

Bento, Antonio M.; Franco, Sofia F.; Kaffine, Daniel T..

Recent studies that compare the efficiency and distributional impacts of alternative instruments to curb sprawl typically ignore what to do with the revenues from anti-sprawl policies, such as development taxes. This paper extends first-best analysis of development taxes aimed at preserving land at the urban fringe to account for interactions with other distortions within the urban system. By incorporating urban decline at the city core, which in turn, generates negative neighborhood spillover effects and extra pressure for development at the urban fringe, we provide a more complete framework to evaluate the efficiency and distributional impacts of development taxes. We consider three potential alternative schemes to recycle the revenues: lump sum...

Household Energy Demand and the Equity and Efficiency Aspects of Subsidy Reform in Indonesia

Palavras-chave: Urban Sprawl; Revenue-Recycling; Regional Coordination; Spatial Modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q31; R14; R38.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51104

Olivia, Susan; Gibson, John.

The proper design of price interventions requires consideration of equity and efficiency effects. In this paper, budget survey data from 29,000 Indonesian households are used to estimate a demand system for five energy sources, which is identified by the spatial variation in unit values (expenditures divided by quantities). We correct for the various quality and measurement error biases that result when unit values are used as proxies for market prices. The price elasticities are combined with tax and subsidy rates to calculate the marginal social cost of price changes for each item. The results suggest that even at high levels of inequality aversion there is a strong case for reducing the large subsidies on gasoline and kerosene, supporting the reforms...

Macroeconomic Impacts of Water Use in Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Demand elasticities; Energy; Fuels; Subsidies; Unit Values; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D12; Q31.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25745

Weinheimer, Justin; Wheeler-Cook, Erin; Ethridge, Don E.; Hudson, Darren.

The recent/current recession provides the opportunity to study the effects of the macroeconomic changes on the agricultural production systems in the Great Plains and trace some of its impacts through the system to changes in primary inputs such water resource use. Therefore, the objective of the study reported here was to determine the effects of the changes in macroeconomic conditions driven by the 2008 recession on irrigated crop production in a portion of the Southern Great Plains and its impacts on water use. The approach for the study was to: (1) use the 10-year baseline FAPRI projections, based on changes in macroeconomic conditions, of agricultural commodity prices and input costs between the beginning of 2008 and the beginning of 2009, and (2)...

Industrial Coal Demand in China: A Provincial Analysis

Palavras-chave: Ogallala Aquifer; Recession; Macroeconomic; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; E00; Q15; Q30; Q31.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56456

Cattaneo, Cristina; Manera, Matteo; Scarpa, Elisa.

In recent years, concerns regarding the environmental implications of the rising coal demand have induced considerable efforts to generate long-term forecasts of China’s energy requirements. Nevertheless, none of the previous empirical studies on energy demand for China has tackled the issue of modelling coal demand in China at provincial level. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap. In particular, we model and forecast the Chinese demand for coal using time series data disaggregated by provinces. Moreover, not only does our analysis account for heterogeneity among provinces, but also, given the nature of the data, it captures the presence of spatial autocorrelation among provinces using a spatial econometric model. A fixed effects spatial lag model...

Climate Policy and the Optimal Extraction of High- and Low-Carbon Fossil Fuels

Palavras-chave: Energy demand; Coal demand; China; Spatial econometrics; Panel data; Forecasting; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C23; E6; Q31; Q41.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44425

van der Werf, Edwin; Smulders, Sjak.

We study how restricting CO2 emissions affects resource prices and depletion over time. We use a Hotelling-style model with two non-renewable fossil fuels that differ in their carbon content (e.g. coal and natural gas) and in addition are imperfect substitutes in final good production. We show that an economy facing a CO2 flow-constraint may substitute towards the relatively dirty input. As the economy tries to maximise output per unit of emissions it is not only carbon content that matters: productivity matters as well. With an announced constraint the economy first substitutes towards the less productive input such that more of the productive input is available when constrained. Preliminary empirical results suggest that it is cost-effective to...

Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Non-Renewable Resources; Input Substitution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q31; Q43.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8218

Too Much Oil

Gerlagh, Reyer.

Fear for oil exhaustion and its consequences on economic growth has been a driver of a rich literature on exhaustible resources from the 1970s onwards. But our view on oil has remarkably changed and we now worry how we should constrain climate change damages associated with oil and other fossil fuel use. In this climate change debate, economists have pointed to a green paradox: when policy makers stimulate the development of non-carbon energy sources to (partly) replace fossil fuels in the future, oil markets may anticipate a future reduction in demand and increase current supply. The availability of ‘green’ technologies may increase damages. The insight comes from the basic exhaustible resource model. We reproduce the green paradox and to facilitate...

Effectiveness of Two Water Conservation Policies: An Integrated Modeling Approach

Palavras-chave: Green Paradox; Climate Change; Exhaustible Resources; Fossil Fuels; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q31; Q54.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59419

Das, Biswa R.; Willis, David B.; Johnson, Jeffrey W..

Agriculture in the Texas High Plains depends entirely on the Ogallala Aquifer. Texas enacted water conservation legislation to address declining reserves in the aquifer. We developed an integrated regional water policy model that links a hydrology model with an economic optimization model to estimate policy impacts with respect to economic cost and water conservation. Testing the effectiveness of two policies, a groundwater extraction tax and extraction quotas, we observe that neither significantly inhibits groundwater use. Although both policies conserve similar amounts of groundwater, the regional cost of the tax policy to agriculture is more than the quota policy.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Integrated regional water policy model; Texas High Plains; Water conservation policy; Hydrology model; Economic optimization model; Ogallala Aquifer; Tax policy; Quota policy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Q30; Q31; Q38.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100523

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