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Registros recuperados: 92 | |
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Stavins, Robert N.; Whitehead, Bradley W.. |
We examine what will be required if market-based environmental policy instruments are to become a major force in U.S. environmental policy. We define market-based instruments, and specify five categories: pollution charges; tradable permits; deposit refund systems; reducing market barriers; and eliminating government subsidies. We review major U.S. applications, including: EPA's emissions trading program; the leaded gasoline phasedown; water quality permit trading; CFC trading; SO2 allowance trading; and the RECLAIM program. We assess the U.S. experience in terms of the relatively limited use of these instruments and in terms of the mixed record of performance of implemented instruments. We ask how the next generation of market-based instruments can be... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q48. |
Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10640 |
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Giraudet, Louis-Gaetan; Quirion, Philippe. |
Tradable White Certificates (TWC) schemes, also labelled Energy-Efficiency Certificates schemes, were recently implemented in Great Britain, Italy and France. Energy suppliers have to fund a given quantity of energy efficiency measures, or to buy so-called "white certificates" from other suppliers who exceed their target. We develop a partial equilibrium model to compare TWC schemes to other policy instruments for energy efficiency, i.e., energy taxes, subsidies on energy-saving goods and regulations fixing a minimum level of energy-efficiency. The model features an endogenous level of energy service and we analyse the influence of the substitutability between energy and energy-saving goods to produce the energy service, as well as the influence of the... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Energy Saving Policies; Energy-Efficiency Certificates; White Certificates; Rebound Effect; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q38; Q48; Q58. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46554 |
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Parry, Ian W.H.; Fischer, Carolyn; Harrington, Winston. |
This paper develops analytical models to estimate the welfare effects of higher Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards on new passenger vehicles. The analysis incorporates a broad range of fuel-and-driving-related externalities, fuel taxes, different assumptions concerning consumers' valuation of fuel saving technologies and their alternative value in enhancing other vehicle attributes, and endogenous vehicle fleet composition. To implement the analysis, we develop estimates of CAFE's impact on local pollution, nationwide congestion, and traffic accidents. We find that higher fuel economy standards can produce anything from moderate welfare gains, to very little or no effect, to substantial welfare losses, depending on how consumers value fuel... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Fuel economy standards; Oil dependency; Carbon emissions; Rebound effect; Gasoline tax; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R48; Q48; H23. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10605 |
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Newell, Richard G.; Jaffe, Adam B.; Stavins, Robert N.. |
We develop a methodology for testing Hick's induced innovation hypothesis by estimating a product-characteristics model of energy-using consumer durables, augmenting the hypothesis to allow for the influence of government regulations. For the products we explored, the evidence suggests: (i) the rate of overall innovation was independent of energy prices and regulations, (ii) the direction of innovation was responsive to energy price changes for some products but not for others, (iii) energy price changes induced changes in the subset of technically feasible models that were offered for sale, (iv) this responsiveness increased substantially during the period after energy-efficiency product labeling was required, and (v) nonetheless, a sizeable portion of... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; Energy efficiency; Technological change; Economic incentives; Regulation; Standards; Climate change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L51; O31; O38; Q40; Q20; Q48. |
Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10521 |
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van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Timilsina, Govinda R.. |
In this study, the prospects of wind power at the global level are reviewed. Existing studies indicate that the earth’s wind energy supply potential significantly exceeds global energy demand. Yet, only 1% of the global electricity demand is currently derived from wind power despite 40% annual growth in wind generating capacity over the last 25 years. More than 98% of total current wind power capacity is installed in the developed countries plus China and India. Existing studies estimate that wind power could supply 7% to 34% of global electricity needs by 2050. Wind power faces a large number of technical, financial, institutional, market and other barriers. To overcome these, many countries have employed various policy instruments, including capital... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Wind energy; Renewable energy; Electricity grids; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q32; Q42; Q48. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45665 |
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Registros recuperados: 92 | |
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