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| Bigano, Andrea; Cassinelli, Mariaester; Sferra, Fabio; Guarrera, Lisa; Karbuz, Sohbet; Hafner, Manfred; Markandya, Anil; Navrud, Stale. |
| This paper is the first to assess operational and probabilistic externalities of oil extraction and transportation to Europe on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of realistic future oil demand-supply scenarios, of the relative relevance of import routes, of the local specificities in terms of critical passages and different burdens and impacts along import routes. The resulting externalities appear reasonable both under the assumption of high future demand and under low demand. Estimates range from 2.32 Euro in 2030 in the low demand scenario to 2.60 Euro in 2010 in the high demand scenario per ton of imported oil. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Oil Transport; Externalities Oil Spills; Risk Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q32; Q25; Q41; R40. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50362 |
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| Scott, K. Rebecca. |
| The combination of habits and a forward outlook suggests that consumers will be sensitive not just to prices but to price dynamics. In particular, rational habits models suggest 1. that price volatility and uncertainty will reduce demand for a habit-forming good and 2. that such volatility will dampen demands responsiveness to price. These two implications can be tested by augmenting a traditional partial-adjustment or error-correction model of demand. I apply this augmented model to data on gasoline consumption, as rational habits provide a succinct representation for the investment and behavioral decisions that determine gasoline usage. The trade-o¤s among 2SLS, system GMM, and pooled mean group (PMG) estimators are considered, and my preferred PMG... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Gasoline demand; Rational habits; Price elasticity; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; H30; Q40; Q41; Q50; R40. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122891 |
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| Stommes, Eileen S.. |
| In 1991, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) changed the federal-state transportation relationship by devolving decision making to the states. In turn, states were required to work with local officials on transportation improvements. ISTEA was authorized for 1992-1997, and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century continued ISTEA policies through 2003. Changes in road and bridge conditions in the rural south are examined under these new transportation policies. Federal funding trends are detailed with state funding. Overall condition of roads and bridges eligible for federal funding improved, traffic increased on all roads, but condition disparities between local roads and federally funded roads grew. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Southern road and bridge condition; Southern road and bridge financing; Southern rural bridges; Southern rural roads; H54; R40; R41; R49. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37960 |
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| Safirova, Elena; Gillingham, Kenneth; Parry, Ian W.H.; Nelson, Peter; Harrington, Winston; Mason, David. |
| Economists have long advocated congestion pricing as an efficient way of allocating scarce roadway capacity. However, with a few exceptions, congestion tolls are rarely used in practice and strongly opposed by the public and elected officials. Although high implementation costs and privacy issues are alleviated as appropriate technologies are developed, the concerns that congestion pricing will adversely affect low-income travelers remain. In this paper, we use a strategic transportation planning model calibrated for the Washington, DC, metropolitan area to compare the welfare and distributional effects of three pricing schemes: value pricing (HOT lanes), limited congestion pricing, and comprehensive congestion pricing. We find that social welfare gains... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Traffic congestion; Congestion pricing; Value pricing; HOT lanes; HOV lanes; Public Economics; R40; R41; R48; H23. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10697 |
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