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| Trosper, Ronald L; Northern Arizona University; Ronald.Trosper@nau.edu. |
| If, like other ecosystems, the variable and dynamic ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest exhibited cycles and unpredictable behavior, particularly when humans were present, the indigenous societies of that region had to have been resilient in order to persist for such a long time. They persisted for two millennia prior to contact with people from the “old world.” The Resilience Alliance (2002) proposes that social and ecological resilience requires three abilities: the ability to buffer, the ability to self-organize, and the ability to learn. This paper suggests that the characteristics of the potlatch system among Indians on the Northwest Coast, namely property rights, environmental ethics, rules of earning and holding titles, public... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Northwest Coast; Adaptive management; Buffering disturbance; Environmental ethics; Indigenous societies; Property rights; Reciprocity; Resilience; Self-organization. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Johnsen, D. Bruce; George Mason University; djohnsen@gmu.edu. |
| Severe depletion of many genetically distinct Pacific salmon populations has spawned a contentious debate over causation and the efficacy of proposed solutions. No doubt the precipitating factor was overharvesting of the commons beginning along the Northwest Coast around 1860. Yet, for millenia before that, a relatively dense population of Indian tribes managed salmon stocks that have since been characterized as “superabundant.” This study investigates how they avoided a tragedy of the commons, where in recent history, commercial ocean fishers guided by scientifically informed regulators, have repeatedly failed. Unlike commercial fishers, the tribes enjoyed exclusive rights to terminal fisheries enforced through rigorous reciprocity... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article |
Palavras-chave: Exclusive tribal rights; Information feedback; Potlatching; Reciprocity; Resilience; Salmon husbandry. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| Kittinger, John N; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University; Impact Assessment, Inc.; jkittinger@gmail.com; Finkbeiner, Elena M; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University; elenafinkbeiner@gmail.com; Glazier, Edward W.; Impact Assessment, Inc.; edward.glazier@gmail.com; Crowder, Larry B.; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University; Larry.Crowder@Stanford.edu. |
| Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet but are declining because of human activities. Despite general recognition of the human role in the plight of coral reefs, the vast majority of research focuses on the ecological rather than the human dimensions of reef ecosystems, limiting our understanding of social relationships with these environments as well as potential solutions for reef recovery. General frameworks for social-ecological systems (SESs) have been advanced, but system-specific approaches are needed to develop a more nuanced view of human-environmental interactions for specific contexts and resource systems, and at specific scales. We synthesize existing concepts related to SESs and present a human dimensions framework... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Human dimensions; Reciprocity; Social science; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science. |
| Ano: 2012 |
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| Mello, Paulo Freire. |
| Situado na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, com 376 famílias, Viamão é o maior assentamento do Rio Grande do Sul, apresentando uma diversidade de tipos de agricultores, muito dos quais enfrentam dificuldades de convívio com as várzeas (85% da área), com a Área de Proteção Ambiental – onde está totalmente inserido – e com uma área de preservação integral, interna a ele. A necessidade de disputar a água de irrigação do arroz com o consumo humano da região metropolitana, associada à falta de demarcação de lotes e às dificuldades de sobrevivência nas várzeas sem infra-estrutura levaram grande parte dos assentados ao trabalho não-agrícola fora do assentamento e ao arrendamento da várzea para o cultivo do arroz. Visando reverter isto, o INCRA está... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Reciprocidade; Arena; Capital simbólico; Reciprocity; Arena; Simbolic capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109809 |
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| Kerr, William A.; Forgrave, Robert J.. |
| Debates over proposals to liberalise international trade are often heated and acrimonious. They are often argued, in part, on the basis of projections of market conditions after the proposed liberalisation. These argument are often important in influencing trade policy decisions, yet their accuracy is seldom assessed after liberalisation takes place. As a result, the projections may be more influential than they should be. This paper examines the projections of protectionists in the debate surrounding a proposed reciprocity agreement between the United States and British North America over the period 1846-1854 as a case study. The protectionist prophesies on both sides of the border were found not to be supported by the evidence from the subsequent period... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Protection; Reciprocity; Trade agreement; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23917 |
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| Padmanabhan, Martina Aruna. |
| Collective action aims at the joint management of common pool resources. Agrobiodiversity at the community level is conceptualized as a collective resource requiring the management of varieties, species and their interrelations within a farming-system. In the rice dominated agriculture in the uplands of Kerala, India, few community groups continue maintaining and thus conserving their high diversity in landraces. Faced with the challenges of devastating prices for rice, their traditional system of collective action to exchange seed material and knowledge is endangered. A new institutional mechanism to manage biodiversity is the People’s Biodiversity Register, a mandatory documentation procedure to enable cost and benefit sharing under the Convention on... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Gender; India; Agrobiodiversity; Institutions; Trust; Reciprocity; Reputation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42508 |
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