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Digestible lysine levels for laying hens and their effects on egg quality Animal Sciences
Santos, Tiago Antônio dos; Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais,; Geraldo, Adriano; Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais; Machado, Luiz Carlos; Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais; Pelícia, Kléber; Universidade José do Rosário Vellano; Simão, Sérgio Domingos; Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais; Vieira Filho, Javer Alves; Universidade Estadual Paulista.
Egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens fed on low protein diets (14.0% CP) and on different lysine levels is evaluated, while maintaining the same ratio of digestible amino acids / digestible lysine. Four hundred and twenty commercial strain Isa Brown laying hens, 28 weeks old, were divided into 42 experimental plots. A completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replicates was employed in four production cycles of 28 days each. Treatments comprised Control - 16.92% CP; 0.750% digestible lysine. Treatments 1 to 5, with CP levels 14% and digestible lysine levels 0.600, 0.675, 0.750, 0.825 and 0.900% respectively. Levels of Treatments 1 and 2 (0.546 and 0.640% digestible Met + Cys / 0.600 and 0.675% digestible lysine) provided smaller egg size....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: 5.04.03.00-1 ideal protein; Digestible amino acids; Isa Brown; Requirement; Diet.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/21823
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Phosphorus on performance, hematological, biochemical, and bone parameters of growing pigs Ciência Rural
Drews,Jana Euclydes; Haese,Douglas; Kill,João Luís; Lorenzoni,Lucas Lemke; Pimentel,Rafael Bozini; Molino,Juliano Pelição; Saraiva,Alysson; Possatti,Carolina D'Ávila.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of available phosphorus (AP) in the diet of growing pigs selected for lean deposition on the hematological, biochemical, and bone performance parameters. A total of 64 commercial hybrid pigs (32 castrated males and 32 females; mean initial weight: 23.31±2.4kg; age: 55-90 days) were used. Animals were distributed into a randomized block design with four treatments, eight replicates, and two animals (one male and one female) per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet and another three diets, which were obtained by supplementing the basal diet with dicalcium phosphate replacing the inert phosphate, resulting in four diets with 0.100, 0.180, 0.260, and 0.340% of available...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Requirement; Blood tests; Mineral; Genetic potential..
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782016000601076
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Net energy for 60- to 120-kg pigs fed low-crude protein diets Ciência Rural
Saraiva,Alysson; Donzele,Juarez Lopes; Oliveira,Rita Flávia Miranda de; Silva,Francisco Carlos de Oliveira; Abreu,Márvio Lobão Teixeira de; Santos,Fabrício de Almeida; Haese,Douglas.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary net energy content (NE) on performance and carcass traits of finishing barrows fed low-crude protein (CP) diets. Pigs (60.0±1.05kg, Exp. 1, 93.0±1.56kg, Exp. 2) were allotted in a randomized block design to 3 dietary treatments. Exp. 1 had 6 pens treatment-1 and Exp. 2 had 8 pens treatment-1 and all pens had 2 pigs. The treatments were: 199g kg-1 CP and 2566kcal kg-1 NE, 155g kg-1 CP and 2631kcal kg-1 NE, 155gk g-1 CP and 2566kcal kg-1 NE in Exp. 1, and 180g kg-1 CP and 2588kcal kg-1 NE, 145g kg-1 CP and 2638kcal kg-1 NE, 145g kg-1 CP and 2588kcal kg-1 NE, in Exp. 2. In Ep.1, except for average daily gain (ADG) there was no effect of dietary CP or NE on any other parameter evaluated. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Carcass; Finishing phase; Nutrition; Requirement.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782014000901632
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Sequences of digestible lysine for gilts from 60 to 148 days of age Ciência Rural
Silva Júnior,Veredino Louzada da; Donzele,Juarez Lopes; Oliveira,Rita Flávia Miranda de; Saraiva,Alysson; Silva,Francisco Carlos de Oliveira; Kill,João Luís.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate five nutritional plans based on sequences of standardized ileal digestible lysine: 0.90-0.80-0.70, 1.00-0.90-0.80, 1.10-1.00-0.90, 1.20-1.10-1.00, and 1.30-1.20-1.10% fed to gilts from 60 to 99, 129 to 100, and 130 to 148 days of age, respectively. Eighty commercial hybrid gilts, selected for lean gain, with initial weight of 23.46±0.27kg were allotted in a randomized block design, with five treatments, eight replicates, and two pigs per experimental unit. No effect (P>0.05) of the nutritional plans was verified on daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion. The nutritional plans had no influence (P>0.05) on any of the carcass traits evaluated (carcass yield, meat amount, and meat yield). The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amino acid; Carcass; Performance; Pigs; Requirement.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782015000100118
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Influencia de la suplementación con selenito de sodio sobre variables digestivas en corderos Colegio de Postgraduados
del Razo Rodríguez, Oscar Enrique.
El Se inorgánico en ovinos ha provocado cambios ruminales (pH, AGV y población microbiana) y en digestibilidad de algunos nutrientes; por lo que posiblemente estos cambios puedan influir sobre el requerimiento de Se para corderos en crecimiento. Por ello se realizó un experimento en dos cuadros latinos repetidos con arreglo factorial de tratamientos, usando 8 corderos (43.2 ± 4.7 kg de peso) con cánula ruminal y duodenal. Se midieron cambios en fermentación ruminal, digestibilidad de nutrientes y balance de Se provocados por la suplementación con selenito de sodio (cuatro niveles: 0, 200, 500 y 800 µg Se kg-1 MS) en dietas con 69 y 50% de grano de maíz. La concentración de Se en las dietas fue 220 ± 28 µg Se kg-1 MS. En líquido ruminal se observó:...
Palavras-chave: Selenio; Grano; Requerimiento; Fermentación ruminal; Digestibilidad selenium; Grain; Requirement; Ruminal fermentation; Digestibility.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/806
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Influencia de la suplementación con selenito de sodio sobre variables digestivas en corderos Colegio de Postgraduados
del Razo Rodríguez, Oscar Enrique.
El Se inorgánico en ovinos ha provocado cambios ruminales (pH, AGV y población microbiana) y en digestibilidad de algunos nutrientes; por lo que posiblemente estos cambios puedan influir sobre el requerimiento de Se para corderos en crecimiento. Por ello se realizó un experimento en dos cuadros latinos repetidos con arreglo factorial de tratamientos, usando 8 corderos (43.2 ± 4.7 kg de peso) con cánula ruminal y duodenal. Se midieron cambios en fermentación ruminal, digestibilidad de nutrientes y balance de Se provocados por la suplementación con selenito de sodio (cuatro niveles: 0, 200, 500 y 800 µg Se kg-1 MS) en dietas con 69 y 50% de grano de maíz. La concentración de Se en las dietas fue 220 ± 28 µg Se kg-1 MS. En líquido ruminal se observó:...
Palavras-chave: Selenio; Grano; Requerimiento; Fermentación ruminal; Digestibilidad selenium; Grain; Requirement; Ruminal fermentation; Digestibility.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/905
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Influencia de la suplementación con selenito de sodio sobre variables digestivas en corderos Colegio de Postgraduados
Razo Rodríguez, Oscar Enrique del.
El Se inorgánico en ovinos ha provocado cambios ruminales (pH, AGV y población microbiana) y en digestibilidad de algunos nutrientes; por lo que posiblemente estos cambios puedan influir sobre el requerimiento de Se para corderos en crecimiento. Por ello se realizó un experimento en dos cuadros latinos repetidos con arreglo factorial de tratamientos, usando 8 corderos (43.2 ± 4.7 kg de peso) con cánula ruminal y duodenal. Se midieron cambios en fermentación ruminal, digestibilidad de nutrientes y balance de Se provocados por la suplementación con selenito de sodio (cuatro niveles: 0, 200, 500 y 800 µg Se kg-1 MS) en dietas con 69 y 50% de grano de maíz. La concentración de Se en las dietas fue 220 ± 28 µg Se kg-1 MS. En líquido ruminal se observó:...
Tipo: Tesis Palavras-chave: Selenio; Grano; Requerimiento; Fermentación ruminal; Digestibilidad; Doctorado; Ganadería; Selenium; Grain; Requirement; Ruminal fermentation; Digestibility.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1213
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Exigência de fósforo e sua disponibilidade nos fosfatos monoamônio e monocálcico para frangos de corte até 21 dias de idade. Infoteca-e
GOMES, P. C.; GOMES, M. F. M.; LIMA, G. J. M. M. de; BELLAVER, C..
Tipo: Folhetos Palavras-chave: Exigência; Broiler; Requirement; Fósforo; Frango de Corte; Nutrição; Nutrition; Phosphorus.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/434253
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Effects of Dietary Zinc Levels on the Growth Performance, Organ Zinc Content, and Zinc Retention in Broiler Chickens Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Zhang,TY; Liu,JL; Zhang,JL; Zhang,N; Yang,X; Qu,HX; Xi,L; Han,JC.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal zinc (Zn) requirement of broiler chickens based on Zn retention. On the day of hatch, 350 male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to seven treatments with five replicates of ten birds each. Zinc was supplemented as ZnSO4·7H2O at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120 mg/kg in the starter diet (fed from 1 to 21 d of age) and at 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, or 96 mg/kg in the grower diet (fed from 22 to 42 d of age). The analyzed Zn levels were 34.98 and 27.57 mg/kg in the basal starter and grower diets, respectively. Supplemental Zn levels did not influence body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or liver Zn content of broilers at 21 and 42 d of age (p>0.05). Tibia ash Zn content...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Broiler chickens; Growth; Requirement; Retention; Zinc..
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2018000100127
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Digestible lysine requirements of broilers Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Bernal,LEP; Tavernari,FC; Rostagno,HS; Albino,LFT.
Modern broilers have been submitted to continuous genetic improvement, and therefore, their nutritional requirements must be constantly updated to ensure their performance. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate different digestible lysine levels for starter (1021 days) and grower (22-35 days) phases. The experiments were carried out with male and female Cobb 500 broilers, distributed according to a randomized block experimental design in a 5x2 factorial arrangement (5 increasing digestible lysine levels x 2 sexes), totaling 10 treatments, with 8 replicates of 22 and 20 birds during the starter and grower phase, respectively. Digestible lysine levels of 1.06, 1.12, 1.18, 1.24, and 1.30 were used in the starter diets (10-21 days) and 0.9, 0.98, 1.04,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Digestible lysine; Requirement; Performance; Broiler.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2014000100007
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Dietary levels of potassium for broiler chickens Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Oliveira,JE; Albino,LFT; Rostagno,HS; Páez,LE; Carvalho,DCO.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the nutritional requirements of potassium (K) for male Ross broiler chickens, from 8 to 21, 22 to 42 and 43 to 53 days of age. The following parameters were evaluated: body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In each experiment, a completely randomized experimental design was used, with six treatments (K levels), and six, eight and eight numbers of replicates, and eight, five and four birds per pen, respectively. The experimental diets were basal diets deficient in K but supplemented with K carbonate to result in levels of 0.30, 0.44, 0.58, 0.72, 0.86 and 1.00% K. Estimated requirements for BWG were 0.628, 0.714 and 0.798% K, for the periods 8-21, 22-42 and 43-53 d, respectively.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Broiler chickens; Ion; Mineral; Potassium; Requirement; Weight gain.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2005000100006
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Dietary levels of lysine for male broilers from 23 to 36 days of age: performance and body composition R. Bras. Zootec.
Trindade Neto,Messias Alves da; Toledo,Ana Louise de; Takeara,Paula; Kobashigawa,Estela; Donato,Daniella Carolina Zanardo; Albuquerque,Ricardo de.
One thousand and fifty (1,050) Ross male broilers from 23 to 36 days of age were used to evaluate the dietary effects of levels of lysine. It was used a random block design with 5 levels of digestible lysine (0.95; 1.00; 1.05; 1.10 and 1.15%). Each level was applied to seven replicates and the experimental unit was composed of 30 birds. Diets were offered in seven replicates and the experimental unit was represented by 30 birds. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass traits, cut yields, composition and deposition of body nutrients were evaluated. The concentration of 1.09% of digestible lysine optimized performance without significant effects on feed intake. Carcass traits and cut yields had no significant differences among levels of lysine. On...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Digestible amino acid; Nutrient depositions; Nutrition; Requirement.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982011000300020
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Macro mineral requirements by grazing zebu bovines R. Bras. Zootec.
Moraes,Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de; Paulino,Mário Fonseca; Moraes,Kamila Andreatta Kling de; Valadares Filho,Sebastião de Campos; Lazzarini,Isis; Monnerat,João Paulo Ismério dos Santos; Couto,Victor Rezende Moreira; Souza,Marcos Gonçalves de.
The objective of this study was to determine requirements of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) for grazing zebu bovines. The experiment area was composed of Brachiaria decumbens paddocks. Twenty-seven non-castrated animals, with initial live weight of 311.0 kg and at an average age of 14 months were used. Three animals were slaughtered, after adaptation period, so they were used as control for estimates of empty body weight and initial body composition of animals in the experiment. Out of the 24 remaining animals, four were sent to the maintenance group with restrict grazing time to limit energy intake close to the maintenance level. The other 20 animals were distributed in four treatments: mineral mixture,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Macro minerals; Pasture; Requirement; Zebu cattle.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000200023
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Effect of different digestible isoleucine/lysine ratios for broiler chickens R. Bras. Zootec.
Tavernari,Fernando de Castro; Lelis,Guilherme Rodrigues; Carneiro,Paulo Roberto de Oliveira; Vieira,Rodolfo Alves; Polveiro,Richard Costa; Luengas,Jorge Armando Prada; Rostagno,Horacio Santiago; Albino,Luiz Fernando Teixeira.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate different digestible isoleucine/lysine ratios on diets for broiler chickens in the starter (7 to 21 days) and finishing (30 to 43 days) phases. For the tests, the experimental design was of randomized blocks with seven treatments (six different digestible isoleucine/lysine ratios and a control treatment) and eight repetitions of 25 and 20 birds (COBB males) per experimental unit in the starter and finishing phases, respectively. The diets met the requirements, except for isoleucine and lysine. To avoid excess lysine in the experimental diets, the digestible lysine content was calculated to be 87% and 89% of the recommended for the starter and finishing phases, respectively. The control treatment was adequate in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Isoleucine; Lysine; Ratio; Requirement.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000700020
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Digestible lysine and organic zinc for male broiler from 1 to 11 days of age: performance and body composition R. Bras. Zootec.
Trindade Neto,Messias Alves da; Namazu,Lilian Bernadete; Kobashigawa,Estela; Takeara,Paula; Donato,Daniella Carolina Zanardo; Albuquerque,Ricardo de.
This study evaluated levels of digestible lysine and organic zinc for male Ross strain broilers from 1 to 11 days of age. It was used 1,050 chicks distributed in randomized block design, in 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with seven repetitions of 15 birds per experimental unit. The dietary concentrations of digestible lysine were 0.90; 1.00; 1.10; 1.20; and 1.40% combined with 43 and 253 ppm zinc chelate. The diets contained 2,965 ± 18 kcal/kg of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and 21.48 ± 0.18% of CP. It was determined chemical composition, protein, lipid, mineral and water depositions on carcass and empty body. There was no interaction among the factors digestible lysine and organic zinc. Effect of zinc concentration increase was observed on greatest...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amino acid; Nutrient deposition; Nutrition; Requirement; Zinc.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982011000300019
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Calcium levels and calcium: available phosphorus ratios in diets for white egg layers from 42 to 58 weeks of age R. Bras. Zootec.
Pastore,Silvana Marques; Gomes,Paulo Cezar; Rostagno,Horacio Santiago; Albino,Luiz Fernando Teixeira; Calderano,Arele Arlindo; Vellasco,Cássia Rampini; Viana,Gabriel da Silva; Almeida,Rodrigo Lopes de.
The experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional requirement of calcium and the best calcium:available phosphorus ratio for commercial layers at the post-laying peak. A total of 324 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were utilized in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, composed of three levels of calcium (39, 42 and 45 g/kg) and three calcium:phosphorus ratios (12.12:1; 10.53:1; and 9.30:1), totaling nine treatments with six replications and six birds per experimental unit. There was no significant effect from the calcium levels × calcium:phosphorus ratio interaction for any of the variables studied. The calcium levels and the calcium:phosphorus ratios did not affect the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Birds; Mineral; Performance; Requirement.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012001200007
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Response of laying hens to methionine + cystine intake by dilution technique R. Bras. Zootec.
Bendezu,Hilda Cristina Palma; Sakomura,Nilva Kazue; Hauschild,Luciano; Silva,Edney Pereira da; Dorigam,Juliano Cesar de Paula; Malheiros,Euclides Braga; Fernandes,João Batista Kochenborger.
The objective of this study was to measure the response of Dekalb White laying hens to different intakes of digestible methionine + cystine (met+cys) to optimise their performance. Two hundred eighty-eight Dekalb White laying hens, ranging in age from 33 to 48 weeks, were used in the study. The birds were randomly allocated into eight treatment (levels of met+cys and the control treatment) groups with six replicates of six hens per unit. The experimental diets consisted of seven increasing levels of met+cys (1.37, 2.75, 4.14, 5.51, 6.89, 7.92 and 8.95 g kg−1) and were prepared using a dilution technique. A control treatment was used to confirm that the limiting response was due to met+cys intake. Egg production, feed intake, egg weight, egg mass and feed...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Broken Line; Dose-response; Models; Requirement; Statistic.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982015000100015
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Effect of dietary levels of methionine + cystine on performance of broiler breeders R. Bras. Zootec.
Gomes,Paulo Cezar; Lima,Cristina Amorim Ribeiro de; Calderano,Arele Arlindo; Rostagno,Horacio Santiago; Albino,Luiz Fernando Teixeira.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate levels of methionine + cystine levels for broiler breeders from 40 to 60 weeks of age. It was used 288 Cobb broiler breeders, distributed in a randomized experimental design with six levels of methionine+ cystine in the diets (0.39; 0.47; 0.55; 0.63; 0.71 and 0.79%), eight repetitions and six breeders per experimental unit. The diets were isocaloric and isoprotein (2,850 kcal ME/kg and 12.58% CP) and oferred at a fixed amount (155 g) per bird. For the entire studied period, by using polynomial analysis, it was observed a quadratic effect of methionine + cystine levels on the percentage of egg production, on number of eggs per hen housed, on number of eggs per hen and egg weight. There was also a linear...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Eggs; Requirement; Sulfur amino acid.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982011000500011
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Available phosphorus levels in diets for 30 to 60 kg female pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining calcium and available phosphorus ratio R. Bras. Zootec.
Saraiva,Alysson; Donzele,Juarez Lopes; Oliveira,Rita Flávia Miranda de; Abreu,Márvio Lobão Teixeira de; Silva,Francisco Carlos de Oliveira; Vianna,Rafael Alves; Lima,Anderson Lazarini.
With the objective to evaluate levels of available phosphorus (aP) in diets for pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining the calcium and available phosphorus ratio, it was used 50 commercial hybrid female pigs with initial weight of 30.32 ± 0.29 kg, distributed in a complete randomized experimental design, with five treatments, five replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and four diets obtained by supplementation of basal diet with dicalcium phosphate, resulting in diets with 0.144; 0.224; 0.304; 0.384 and 0.464% of aP. Calcium levels were adjusted by varying the quantities of limestone in the diets. There was no effect of aP on both daily feed intake and feed conversion. Levels...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Growth phase; Phosphorus; Performance; Requirement.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982011000300017
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Available phosphorus levels in diets for swine from 15 to 30 kg genetically selected for meat deposition R. Bras. Zootec.
Saraiva,Alysson; Donzele,Juarez Lopes; Oliveira,Rita Flávia Miranda de; Abreu,Márvio Lobão Teixeira de; Silva,Francisco Carlos de Oliveira; Santos,Fabrício de Almeida.
With the objective to evaluate available phosphorus levels in diets for swine genetically selected for meat deposition, sixty commercial hybrid pigs were used, being 30 castrate males and 30 females, with initial weight of 15.00 ± 0.41 kg, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments, five replications and two animals (1 male and 1 female) per experimental unit. The treatments were composed of a basal diet and other five diets obtained through basal diet supplementation with dicalcium phosphate to obtain six AP levels (0.114; 0.221; 0.328; 0.435; 0.542 and 0.649%). The available phosphorus levels promoted a linear increase in the daily feed intake. Daily weight gain and feed conversion showed a quadratic behavior...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Genotype; Minerals; Nutrition; Requirement.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982009000200013
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