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| Nagarajan, Latha; Smale, Melinda; Glewwe, Paul. |
| The purpose of the research paper is to characterize biological diversity related to millets in the semi-arid regions of India at various spatial scales of analysis (e.g., farm household versus community levels) and place that evidence in a broader seed systems (includes both formal and informal) context. An important finding of this research is that producer access to millet genetic resources is affected by the extent to which seed is traded via formal markets or through other social institutions, along with farm and household characteristics. Findings also underscore the need for an enhanced theoretical understanding of local seed markets in analyzing crop variety choices and the diversity of materials grown in less favored environments. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Millet diversity; Seed systems; Local markets; Crop diversity; Biological diversity; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59235 |
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| Minot, Nicholas. |
| Given that Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest incidence of poverty and malnutrition in the world, the stagnation in per capita grain production there is worrisome. Since 1970, per capita grain production in Sub-Saharan Africa has declined more than 10 percent. Increasing the productivity of staple foodcrops will help poor farmers and consumers, and one of the most sustainable ways to expand food production in Sub-Saharan Africa is to generate new technologies—including staple seed varieties—that are adapted to the constraints of the continent's small-scale farmers. The region thus requires a cost-effective system of seed production and distribution to ensure that appropriate seeds are delivered to farmers. Both the private and public sectors have a role to... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; Seed systems; Private sector; Public sector; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46010 |
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| Nagarajan, Latha; Audi, Patrick; Jones, Richard; Smale, Melinda. |
| Over the last two decades, several seed-related programs have been initiated in eastern Kenya to improve farmers’ access to quality seeds of dryland cereals and legumes. They are provided during two occasions, regular and emergency times. But very often, the formal supply mechanisms limit their role in provision of seeds other than maize. In the absence of any formalized systems of seed provision for other dryland crops, such as sorghum and pigeon pea, farmers have preferred local markets for their seed needs, especially during distress periods. Here we have examined the role of various seed-intervention programs in eastern Kenya, along with the strengths and weaknesses of each program. We have also underscored the importance of local markets and their... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Seed interventions; Local markets; Seed systems; Dry lands; Seed access; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42361 |
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| Nagarajan, Latha; Smale, Melinda. |
| In the subsistence-oriented, semi-arid production systems of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, India, the environment is marginal for crop growth and often there is no substitute for millet crops. Across communities, farmers grow thirteen different combinations of pearl millet, sorghum, finger millet, little millet, and foxtail millet varieties, but individual farmers grow an average of only two to three millet varieties per season. The notion of the seed system includes all channels through which farmers acquire genetic materials, outside or in interaction with the commercial seed industry. Data are compiled through household surveys and interviews with traders and dealers in village and district markets. Based on the concept of the seed lot, several... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Seed systems; Millet diversity; Variety change; Seed users; Crop diversity; Seed industry and trade; Genetic variation; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59229 |
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| Nagarajan, Latha; Pardey, Philip G.; Smale, Melinda. |
| Changes in India’s seed regulations during the 1990s favored the growth of privately- as compared to publicly-funded sectors. Most advances have been made in the major millet crops, sorghum and pearl millet, as compared to finger millet and other minor millet crops, which in many ways dependent on local markets for seed purposes. In this study, we have analyzed the evolving interactions between formal systems related to the delivery of modern varieties and informal systems for maintaining traditional seeds in the semi-arid regions of India. It is evident that in these marginal environments, crop and variety use decisions, and the crop biodiversity levels take place within the context of local seed markets and a national seed industry. The outcome of the... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Seed systems; Seed industry and trade; Seed markets; Biodiversity; Local markets; Formal seed sector; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55420 |
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