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Uso de los modelos credit scoring en microfinanzas. Colegio de Postgraduados
Escalona Cortés, Arturo.
En el presente trabajo se presenta un modelo credit scoring en microfinanzas el cual permita calificar los solicitantes de un microcrédito. El modelo propuesto se basa en el modelo de regresión logística. La evaluación del modelo incluye el ajuste medido por la estadística Hosmer-Lemeshow, poder predictivo medido por la R2, poder discriminatorio medido por la curva ROC y área bajo la curva ROC. Además, se determinó un pundo de corte para validar el modelo. La información de clientes durante el período de mayo de 2008 a abril de 2009 de la empresa microfinanciera MásKapital se utilizó como base para desarrollar y calibrar el modelo. Se obtuvo un buen ajuste de este, reflejado en los resultados de validación que, presentan una clasificación total correcta...
Palavras-chave: Riesgo crediticio; Regresión logística; Microcréditos; Sensibilidad; Especificidad; Credit risk; Logistic regression; Microcredit; Sensitivity; Specificity; Maestría; Estadística.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/414
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Uso de los modelos credit scoring en microfinanzas. Colegio de Postgraduados
Escalona Cortés, Arturo.
En el presente trabajo se presenta un modelo credit scoring en microfinanzas el cual permita calificar los solicitantes de un microcrédito. El modelo propuesto se basa en el modelo de regresión logística. La evaluación del modelo incluye el ajuste medido por la estadística Hosmer-Lemeshow, poder predictivo medido por la R2, poder discriminatorio medido por la curva ROC y área bajo la curva ROC. Además, se determinó un pundo de corte para validar el modelo. La información de clientes durante el período de mayo de 2008 a abril de 2009 de la empresa microfinanciera MásKapital se utilizó como base para desarrollar y calibrar el modelo. Se obtuvo un buen ajuste de este, reflejado en los resultados de validación que, presentan una clasificación total correcta...
Palavras-chave: Riesgo crediticio; Regresión logística; Microcréditos; Sensibilidad; Especificidad; Credit risk; Logistic regression; Microcredit; Sensitivity; Specificity; Maestría; Estadística.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/414
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1-MCP efficiency in quality of ornamental peppers Horticultura Brasileira
Ribeiro,Wellington S; Carneiro,Clebson dos S; França,Christiane de Fátima M; Pinto,Cleide Maria F; Lima,Paula Cristina C; Finger,Fernando L.
ABSTRACT 1-MCP has been effectively used as an antagonist of ethylene deleterious actions in flowers and ornamental plants. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of 1-MCP (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g m-3) in maintaining post-production quality of exogenous ethylene sensitive ornamental pepper. Two commercial varieties were evaluated: Pimenta Colorida and Pimentão Ornamental, both Capsicum annuum. The pre-treatment with 1-MCP, regardless of the applied concentration, was effective in blocking the ethylene action reducing the leaves abscission, flowers and fruits of both genotypes by 100%. Plants pretreated with 1-MCP had postproduction life increased by eight and nine days for Pimenta Colorida and Pimentão Ornamental, respectively. The 1-MCP application...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Capsicum annuum; Ornamental plants; Sensitivity; Transport.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-05362018000400510
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Intégrité des habitats benthiques du plateau continental face aux perturbations physiques naturelles et aux arts trainants : quelles méthodes d'observations ? Comment suivre le retour vers un bon état écologique ? ArchiMer
Jac, Cyrielle.
In 2008, the European Union drew up the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) with the aim of achieving Good Environmental Status of marine waters. By linking the changes observed to the pressures experienced, this directive is defined as a tool designed to better control environmental degradation factors and to assess their implications. Several descriptors are defined within the framework of MSFD, in particular descriptors 1 relating to the biological diversity of the seabed and 6 relating to the integrity of the seabed (i.e. the quality of its structures and functions). As dragging (trawling and dredging) is the main source of disturbance of continental shelf seabed, it is essential to study its impact. However, its effects depend on several...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mégafaune benthique; Méthode d'échantillonnage; Impact de la pêche; Sensibilité; Facteurs environnementaux; Bon état écologique; Benthic megafauna; Sampling methods; Fishing impact; Sensitivity; Natural drivers; Good environmental status.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00679/79149/81655.pdf
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Triggering mechanisms of slope instability processes and sediment failures on continental margins: a geotechnical approach ArchiMer
Sultan, Nabil; Cochonat, Pierre; Canals, M; Cattaneo, Antonio; Dennielou, Bernard; Haflidason, H; Laberg, J; Long, D; Mienert, J; Trincardi, F; Urgeles, R; Vorren, T; Wilson, C.
The Costa target areas exhibit the variability of slope instabilities needed to improve our understanding of sediment physical and mechanical properties in areas prone to sliding. That is why in this project, we have analysed the different slope failures events from different parts of the Costa target areas, which reflect diverse triggering mechanisms. The aim of the first part of this study was to identify the geotechnical response of the sediment to different external mechanisms (earthquake, rapid sedimentation and gas hydrate melting). We have focused on the relation between external mechanisms and the consequence change in the in-situ stress state and the physical, mechanical, and elastic properties of the sediment. In the second part of the paper, the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Slope instability; Sensitivity; Sedimentation; Hydrate; Earthquake.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-700.pdf
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Convenient preparation of picolinyl derivatives from fatty acid esters ArchiMer
Dubois, Nolwenn; Barthomeuf, Chantal; Berge, Jean-pascal.
It is essential to have simple rapid methods for the determination of fatty acid structures. Traditionally, fatty acids are analysed by gas chromatography using their methyl ester derivatives (FAME). However, their corresponding mass spectra exhibit molecular ions but are usually devoid of ions indicative of structural features and, notably, the position of double bounds on the aliphatic chains [1]. In the most useful approach to structure determination, the carboxyl group is derivatised with a reagent containing a nitrogen atom. Recently, a convenient method for preparing picolinyl esters from intact lipids has been published [2]. However, some problems occurred in our laboratory when this method was used, leading to some modifications and optimisation....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Sensitivity; Sterol esters; Fatty acid methyl esters; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Picolinyl esters.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2125.pdf
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Validation of host-specific Bacteriodales 16S rRNA genes as markers to determine the origin of faecal pollution in Atlantic Rim countries of the European Union ArchiMer
Gawler, A; Beecher, J; Brandao, J; Carroll, N; Falcao, L; Gourmelon, Michele; Masterson, B; Nunes, B; Porter, J; Rince, A; Rodrigues, R; Thorp, M; Walters, J; Meijer, W.
The recent implementation of the Revised Bathing Water Directive in the European Union has highlighted the need for development of effective methods to differentiate between sources of faecal contamination. It had previously been shown that amplification of 16S rRNA genes of host-specific Bacteriodales species using the HF183F and CF128F primers could be used as markers for human and bovine faecal contamination in the United States. This paper determined the sensitivity and specificity of these markers in four Atlantic Rim countries (France, Ireland, Portugal and the United Kingdom) to evaluate their usefulness in determining the origin of faecal contamination. It was shown that the HF183F marker displayed high sensitivity (80-100%) and specificity...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Sensitivity; Specificity; PCR; Microbial source tracking; Bacteriodales.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-4957.pdf
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Development of a Mass Sensitive Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)-Based DNA Biosensor Using a 50 MHz Electronic Oscillator Circuit ArchiMer
Garcia-martinez, Gonzalo; Alonso Bustabad, Enrique; Perrot, Hubert; Gabrielli, Claude; Bucur, Bogdan; Lazerges, Mathieu; Rose, Daniel; Rodriguez-pardo, Loreto; Farina, Jose; Compere, Chantal; Arnau Vives, Antonio.
This work deals with the design of a high sensitivity DNA sequence detector using a 50 MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electronic oscillator circuit. The oscillator circuitry is based on Miller topology, which is able to work in damping media. Calibration and experimental study of frequency noise are carried out, finding that the designed sensor has a resolution of 7.1 ng/cm(2) in dynamic conditions (with circulation of liquid). Then the oscillator is proved as DNA biosensor. Results show that the system is able to detect the presence of complementary target DNAs in a solution with high selectivity and sensitivity. DNA target concentrations higher of 50 ng/mL can be detected.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: DNA sequence detection; Quartz crystal microbalance; Electronic oscillator; Sensitivity; Frequency noise; Resolution.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00044/15487/12886.pdf
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Sensitivity and variance estimators for virtual population analysis and the equilibrium yield per recruit model ArchiMer
Pelletier, Dominique.
Fish stock assessment makes Widespread use of Virtual Population Analysis (VPA) and long-term equilibrium prediction models. Although there have been some statistical investigations about the properties of VPA results, apparently there are no complete analyse about predictions statistical and numerical behaviour. However, management decisions generally rely upon production forecasts. This paper compares stability properties of VPA and the yield per recruit model with regard to various errors concerning all the input parameters. Robustness fis assessed by means of first-ordo sensitivities whereas variances are inferred from delta-method estimators. Sensitivity of yield per recruit appears to be mainly due to terminal mortality rate and age-specific weights,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Analyse de population virtuelle; Rendement par recrue; Sensibilité; Estimation de la variance; Méthode Delta; Virtual Population Analysis; Yield per recruit; Sensitivity; Variance estimation; Delta-method.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00189/30068/28556.pdf
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Differences in performance among four indices used to evaluate diversity in planktonic ecosystems ArchiMer
Beaugrand, G; Edwards, M.
The performance of four common estimators of diversity are investigated using calanoid copepod data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey. The region of the North Atlantic and the North Sea was divided into squares of 400 nautical miles for each 2-month period. For each 144 possible cases, Pielou's pooled quadrat method was performed with the aims of determining asymptotic diversity and investigating the CPR sample-size dependence of diversity estimators. It is shown that the performance of diversity indices may greatly vary in space and time (at a seasonal scale). This dependence is more pronounced in higher diverse environments and when the sample size is small. Despite results showing that all estimators underestimate the 'actual'...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Programme continuous plankton recorder; Copépodes; Indices de diversité; Taille de l’échantillonnage; Sensibilité; Continuous Plankton Recorder survey; Copepods; Diversity indices; Sample size; Sensitivity.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00322/43343/42884.pdf
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Les méthodes delta en halieutique. Evaluation des sensibilites, approximation des biais et variances à l'aide de developpements limites ArchiMer
Laurec, Alain.
This report presents an introduction to so called "delta methods", associated to the use of Taylor's expansions, as a tool for sensitivity analyses. It starts with a mathematical and statistical summary about Taylor's expansion and moments of random variâtes. Special attention is paid to multivariate problems. The application of order 1 and 2 expansions to estimate variances and biases is exposed in great details. This report dedicated to fisheries scientists, is finally illustraded by an example associated to yield per recruit calculations, based upon JONE'S length cohort analysis.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Analyse des cohortes; Rendement par recrue; Méthode delta; Sensibilité; Length cohort analysis; Yield per recruit; Delta method; Sensitivity.
Ano: 1987 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1987/rapport-1565.pdf
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Recommended reporting standards for test accuracy studies of infectious diseases of finfish, amphibians, molluscs and crustaceans: the STRADAS-aquatic checklist ArchiMer
Gardner, Ian A.; Whittington, Richard J.; Caraguel, Charles G. B.; Hick, Paul; Moody, Nicholas J. G.; Corbeil, Serge; Garver, Kyle A.; Warg, Janet V.; Arzul, Isabelle; Purcell, Maureen K.; Crane, Mark St J.; Waltzek, Thomas B.; Olesen, Niels J.; Gallardo Lagno, Alicia.
Complete and transparent reporting of key elements of diagnostic accuracy studies for infectious diseases in cultured and wild aquatic animals benefits end-users of these tests, enabling the rational design of surveillance programs, the assessment of test results from clinical cases and comparisons of diagnostic test performance. Based on deficiencies in the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) guidelines identified in a prior finfish study (Gardner et al. 2014), we adapted the Standards for Reporting of Animal Diagnostic Accuracy Studies—paratuberculosis (STRADAS-paraTB) checklist of 25 reporting items to increase their relevance to finfish, amphibians, molluscs, and crustaceans and provided examples and explanations for each item. The...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Reporting standards; Sensitivity; Specificity; Finfish; Amphibians; Molluscs; Crustaceans; STRADAS-paraTB; Diagnostic validation.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00334/44505/44191.pdf
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Simulation de la dynamique de pêcherie : modélisation, complexité et incertitude ArchiMer
Mahevas, Stephanie.
Fisheries are defined by a set of fishermen and of marine populations impacting each other in a spatial-limited marine ecosystem. Within the over-exploitation context and according to ratified sustainable management objectives, my research has been focused on the development and a caution use of a mechanistic model describing fisheries dynamics. This model allows for integrating existing knowledge of fisheries. It aims at improving the understanding of fisheries functioning and at investigating the impact of fishing regulations on fisheries dynamics. This modelling exercise has supported many methodological developments for its parametrisation and its use in uncertainty context. Concerned with promoting a correct use of a complex model (that ambiguity link...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Statistics; Spatial; Management; Optimal complexity; Sensitivity; ISIS Fish; Statistiques; Spatial; Gestion; Complexité optimale; Sensibilité; ISIS Fish.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/these-7302.pdf
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Insights into the Short-Term Tidal Variability of Multibeam Backscatter from Field Experiments on Different Seafloor Types ArchiMer
Montereale-gavazzi, Giacomo; Roche, Marc; Degrendele, Koen; Lurton, Xavier; Terseleer, Nathan; Baeye, Matthias; Francken, Frederic; Van Lancker, Vera.
Three experiments were conducted in the Belgian part of the North Sea to investigate short-term variation in seafloor backscatter strength (BS) obtained with multibeam echosounders (MBES). Measurements were acquired on predominantly gravelly (offshore) and sandy and muddy (nearshore) areas. Kongsberg EM3002 and EM2040 dual MBES were used to carry out repeated 300-kHz backscatter measurements over tidal cycles (similar to 13 h). Measurements were analysed in complement to an array of ground-truth variables on sediment and current nature and dynamics. Seafloor and water-column sampling was used, as well as benthic landers equipped with different oceanographic sensors. Both angular response (AR) and mosaicked BS were derived. Results point at the high...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Multibeam echosounder; Seafloor; Backscatter; Monitoring; Short-term variability; Sensitivity; High-frequency.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00485/59637/62660.pdf
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Validation of in situ hybridisation and histology assays for the detection of the oyster parasite Marteilia refringens ArchiMer
Thebault, Anne; Bergman, S; Pouillot, R; Le Roux, Frédérique; Berthe, Franck.
An in situ hybridisation technique has been developed for the detection of infection in oysters with Marteilia refringens with particular emphasis on light infections or confirmation of suspected cases by means of histology. Although validation of new diagnostic methods is usually achieved by comparison with standard techniques, in our case the sensitivity and specificity of the standard (histology) had not previously been established. Another point to consider is that surveillance and monitoring frequently target populations displaying different levels of prevalence under different field conditions. The objective of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity values of in situ hybridisation and histology for the detection of M refringens,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ostrea edulis; Marteilia refringens; Latent models; Specificity; Sensitivity; Validation; Diagnostic.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-3624.pdf
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DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE OF PUMPKIN SPECIES TO BENTAZON, METRIBUZIN, TRIFLURALIN, AND OXYFLUORFEN Planta Daninha
NOSRATTI,I.; MAHDAVI-RAD,S.; HEIDARI,H.; SAEIDI,M..
ABSTRACT Response of pumpkin species including Cucurbita pepo convar. Pepo, Cucurbita moschata Duch, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, and Lagenaria vulgaris to bentazon, trifluralin, metribuzin, and oxyfluorfen was evaluated in Outdoor pot experiments in 2014 and 2015. Different postemergence doses (bentazon and oxyfluorfen) and preplant incorporated (metribuzin and trifluralin) herbicides were evaluted on pumpkin species at various growth stages. Results showed that the sensitivity of pumpkins species to applied herbicide varied greatly among tested species. On overall, dry weights of Cucurbita spp. were reduced by 12.50%, 48.60%, 23%, and 73.13% when pumpkin was treated with trifluralin, metribuzin, bentazon and oxyfluorfen, respectively. Pumpkin crops...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Broadleaf weeds; Crop; Dominant weeds; Sensitivity.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582017000100264
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The International Competitiveness of the Table Egg Industry of Trinidad and Tobago AgEcon
Harry, Edric.
The research undertaken was four-fold. First, to investigate whether government policy provides protection and by extension, incentives for the local table egg farmers to remain in production. To do so, EPC's for all commercial farms in the industry were estimated to arrive at a weighted or industry EPC. The study also investigated whether the local tables egg industry had a comparative advantage or was efficient in the production of table egg. The Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) coefficient was used as a proxy of efficiency and comparative advantage. DRC's were calculated for the twenty-three farms. Having established that the industry was competitive, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which feed costs, the major...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Regression model; Table egg industry; Domestic Resource Cost (DRC); Sensitivity; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36799
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Accommodating covariates in receiver operating characteristic analysis AgEcon
Janes, Holly; Longton, Gary M.; Pepe, Margaret S..
Classification accuracy is the ability of a marker or diagnostic test to discriminate between two groups of individuals, cases and controls, and is commonly summarized by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In studies of classification accuracy, there are often covariates that should be incorporated into the ROC analysis. We describe three ways of using covariate information. For factors that affect marker observations among controls, we present a method for covariate adjustment. For factors that affect discrimination (i.e., the ROC curve), we describe methods for modeling the ROC curve as a function of covariates. Finally, for factors that contribute to discrimination, we propose combining the marker and covariate information, and we...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Roccurve; Comproc; Rocreg; Receiver operating characteristic analysis; ROC; Covariates; Sensitivity; Specificity; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122695
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USING DEA TO EVALUATE EFFICIENCY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AgEcon
Toth, Reka.
The aim of the higher education reform process both in Hungary and in the European countries is establishing a competitive, qualitative higher education with efficiently operating institutions. The question of efficiency needs increased attention not only because of the decline of the state support but also the rapid raise of the student mass. In the education system it’s not easy to measure the output of the services. The situation is more complicated if an organisation or a sector has multiple inputs and outputs. In this case a possible method of determining efficiency is Data Envelopment Analysis. In my paper I’d like to introduce this method and use it to compare the efficiency of higher education systems. Furthermore I am examining whether their...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Higher education; Production efficiency; Data envelopment analysis; Tobit regression; Sensitivity; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53548
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Comparative assessment of three common algorithms for estimating the variance of the area under the nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve AgEcon
Cleves, Mario A..
The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is often used to summarize and compare the discriminatory accuracy of a diagnostic test or modality, and to evaluate the predictive power of statistical models for binary outcomes. Parametric maximum likelihood methods for fitting of the ROC curve provide direct estimates of the area under the ROC curve and its variance. Nonparametric methods, on the other hand, provide estimates of the area under the ROC curve, but do not directly estimate its variance. Three algorithms for computing the variance for the area under the nonparametric ROC curve are commonly used, although ambiguity exists about their behavior under diverse study conditions. Using simulated data, we found similar asymptotic...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; Trapezoidal rule; Sensitivity; Specificity; Discriminatory accuracy; Predictive power; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116008
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