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| Registros recuperados: 86 | |
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| Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se. |
| Overfishing has historically caused widespread stock collapses in the Southern Ocean. Until recently, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing threatened to result in the collapse of some of the few remaining valuable fish stocks in the region and vulnerable seabird populations. Currently, this unsustainable fishing has been reduced to less than 10% of former levels. We describe and analyze the emergence of the social-ecological governance system that made it possible to curb the fisheries crisis. For this purpose, we investigated the interplay between actors, social networks, organizations, and institutions in relation to environmental outcomes. We drew on a diversity of methods, including qualitative interviews, quantitative social network and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: CCAMLR; Governance; IUU fishing; Marine ecology; Southern Ocean; Toothfish. |
| Ano: 2013 |
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| Pierrat, Benjamin; Saucede, Thomas; Festeau, Main; David, Bruno. |
| This database includes spatial data of Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid distribution (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) collected during many oceanographic campaigns led in the Southern Hemisphere from 1872 to 2010. The dataset lists occurrence data of echinoid distribution south of 35 degrees S latitude, together with information on taxonomy (from species to genus level), sampling sources (cruise ID, sampling dates, ship names) and sampling sites (geographic coordinates and depth). Echinoid occurrence data were compiled from the Antarctic Echinoid Database (David et al. 2005a), which integrates records from oceanographic cruises led in the Southern Ocean until 2003. This database has been upgraded to take into account data from oceanographic... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Southern Ocean; Echinoids; Antarctic species; Sub-Antarctic species; Cold temperate species. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00296/40763/39773.pdf |
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| Lo Monaco, C; Metzl, N; Poisson, A; Brunet, C; Schauer, B. |
| The Southern Ocean, where various water masses are formed ( mode, intermediate, deep, and bottom waters), has a high potential to absorb anthropogenic CO(2) ( C ant). However, most data-based and model estimates indicate low C(ant) inventories south of 50 degrees S. In order to investigate this paradox, the distribution of C(ant) is estimated between South Africa and Antarctica ( World Ocean Circulation Experiment ( WOCE) line I6) based on a back-calculation technique previously used in the North Atlantic ( Kortzinger et al., 1998) and adapted here for application in the Southern Ocean. At midlatitudes (30 degrees-50 degrees S), formation and spreading of mode and intermediate waters results in a deep penetration of C(ant) ( down to 2000 m). South of 50... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic CO2; Southern Ocean; WOCE. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00233/34409/32823.pdf |
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| Russell, Joellen L.; Kamenkovich, Igor; Bitz, Cecilia; Ferrari, Raffaele; Gille, Sarah T.; Goodman, Paul J.; Hallberg, Robert; Johnson, Kenneth; Khazmutdinova, Karina; Marinov, Irina; Mazloff, Matthew; Riser, Stephen; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Speer, Kevin; Talley, Lynne D.; Wanninkhof, Rik. |
| The Southern Ocean is central to the global climate and the global carbon cycle, and to the climate's response to increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, as it ventilates a large fraction of the global ocean volume. Global coupled climate models and earth system models, however, vary widely in their simulations of the Southern Ocean and its role in, and response to, the ongoing anthropogenic trend. Due to the region's complex water-mass structure and dynamics, Southern Ocean carbon and heat uptake depend on a combination of winds, eddies, mixing, buoyancy fluxes, and topography. Observationally based metrics are critical for discerning processes and mechanisms, and for validating and comparing climate and earth system models. New observations... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Southern Ocean; Heat uptake; Carbon uptake; Observationally based metrics. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00673/78491/80788.pdf |
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| De Boer, Agatha M.; Graham, Robert M.; Thomas, Matthew; Kohfeld, Karen E.. |
| In recent years the latitudinal position of the Subtropical Front (STF) has emerged as a key parameter in the global climate. A poleward positioned front is thought to allow a greater salt flux from the Indian to the Atlantic Ocean and so drive a stronger Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here the common view that the STF aligns with the zero wind stress curl (WSC) is challenged. Based on the STF climatologies of Orsi et al. (1995), Belkin and Gordon (1996), Graham and De Boer (2013), and on satellite scatterometry winds, we find that the zero WSC contour lies on average approximate to 10 degrees, approximate to 8 degrees, and approximate to 5 degrees poleward of the front for the three climatologies, respectively. The circulation in the region... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Subtropical Front; Wind stress curl; Southern Ocean; Satellite data; Fronts; Dynamical Subtropical Front. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00169/28046/26248.pdf |
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| Pellichero, Violaine; Sallee, Jean-baptiste; Schmidtko, Sunke; Roquet, Fabien; Charrassin, Jean-benoit. |
| The oceanic mixed layer is the gateway for the exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean; in this layer, all hydrographic ocean properties are set for months to millennia. A vast area of the Southern Ocean is seasonally capped by sea-ice, which alters the characteristics of the ocean mixed layer. The interaction between the ocean mixed layer and sea-ice plays a key role for water mass transformation, the carbon cycle, sea-ice dynamics, and ultimately for the climate as a whole. However, the structure and characteristics of the under-ice mixed layer are poorly understood due to the sparseness of in situ observations and measurements. In this study, we combine distinct sources of observations to overcome this lack in our understanding of the polar... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Southern Ocean; Mixed layer; Sea-ice; Elephant seals; Salt budget; Heat budget. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/49901.pdf |
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| Balch, William M.; Bates, Nicholas R.; Lam, Phoebe J.; Twining, Benjamin S.; Rosengard, Sarah Z.; Bowler, Bruce C.; Drapeau, Dave T.; Garley, Rebecca; Lubelczyk, Laura C.; Mitchell, Catherine; Rauschenberg, Sara. |
| The Great Calcite Belt (GCB) is a region of elevated surface reflectance in the Southern Ocean (SO) covering similar to 16% of the global ocean and is thought to result from elevated, seasonal concentrations of coccolithophores. Here we describe field observations and experiments from two cruises that crossed the GCB in the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the SO. We confirm the presence of coccolithophores, their coccoliths, and associated optical scattering, located primarily in the region of the subtropical, Agulhas, and Subantarctic frontal regions. Coccolithophore-rich regions were typically associated with high-velocity frontal regions with higher seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO(2)) than the atmosphere, sufficient to reverse the direction of gas... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Coccolithophores; Trace metals; Carbonate chemistry; Southern Ocean; Subantarctic Front; Subtropical Front. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49412/49883.pdf |
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| Park, Young-hyang; Durand, Isabelle; Kestenare, Elodie; Rougier, Gilles; Zhou, Meng; D'Ovidio, Francesco; Cotte, Cedric; Lee, Jae-hak. |
| The circulation of iron-rich shelf waters around the Kerguelen Islands plays a crucial role for a climatically important, annually recurrent phytoplankton spring bloom over the sluggish shelf region and its downstream plume area along the Antarctic circumpolar flow. However, there is a long-standing confusion about the Polar Front (PF) in the Kerguelen region due to diverse suggestions in the literature for its geographical location with an extreme difference over 10° of latitude. Based on abundant historical hydrographic data, the in situ hydrographic and current measurements during the 2011 KEOPS2 cruise, satellite chlorophyll images, and altimetry-derived surface velocity fields, we determine and validate an up-to-date location of the PF around the... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Polar Front; Kerguelen; Southern Ocean. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35485/33995.pdf |
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| D'Udekem D'Acoz, Cedric; Verheye, Marie L.. |
| The present monograph includes general systematic considerations on the family Epimeriidae, a revision of the genus Epimeria Costa in Hope, 1851 in the Southern Ocean, and a shorter account on putatively related eusiroid taxa occurring in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seas. The former epimeriid genera Actinacanthus Stebbing, 1888 and Paramphithoe Bruzelius, 1859 are transferred to other families, respectively to the Acanthonotozomellidae Coleman & J.L. Barnard, 1991 and the herein re-established Paramphithoidae G.O. Sars, 1883, so that only Epimeria and Uschakoviella Gurjanova, 1955 are retained within the Epimeriidae Boeck, 1871. The genera Apherusa Walker, 1891 and Halirages Boeck, 1891, which are phylogenetically close to Paramphithoe, are also... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Alexandrella; Amphipoda; Epimeria; Eusiroidea; Senticaudata; Southern Ocean. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00406/51743/52328.pdf |
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| Johnson, Kenneth S.; Plant, Joshua N.; Coletti, Luke J.; Jannasch, Hans W.; Sakamoto, Carole M.; Riser, Stephen C.; Swift, Dana D.; Williams, Nancy L.; Boss, Emmanuel; Haentjens, Nils; Talley, Lynne D.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.. |
| The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) program has begun deploying a large array of biogeochemical sensors on profiling floats in the Southern Ocean. As of February 2016, 86 floats have been deployed. Here the focus is on 56 floats with quality-controlled and adjusted data that have been in the water at least 6 months. The floats carry oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence, and optical backscatter sensors. The raw data generated by these sensors can suffer from inaccurate initial calibrations and from sensor drift over time. Procedures to correct the data are defined. The initial accuracy of the adjusted concentrations is assessed by comparing the corrected data to laboratory measurements made on samples collected... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Profiling floats; Oxygen sensors; PH sensors; Nitrate sensors; Bio-optical sensors; Southern Ocean. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00662/77398/78993.pdf |
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| Grenier, Melanie; Garcia-solsona, Ester; Lemaitre, Nolwenn; Trull, Thomas W.; Bouvier, Vincent; Nonnotte, Philippe; Van Beek, Pieter; Souhaut, Marc; Lacan, Francois; Jeandel, Catherine. |
| Distributions of dissolved rare earth element (REE) concentrations and neodymium isotopic compositions (expressed as epsilon(Nd)) of seawater over and off the Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Ocean are presented. The sampling took place during the austral spring bloom in October-November 2011 (KEOPS2 project, GEOTRACES process study) and aimed to further the investigations of the KEOPS1 austral summer study in terms of sources and transport of lithogenic material, and to investigate the impact of local biogeochemical cycles on the REE distributions. The REE signature of the coastal eastern Kerguelen Islands waters was characterized by negative europium anomalies (Eu/Eu*) and negative epsilon(Nd) in filtered samples. By contrast, the unfiltered sample... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Southern Ocean; Kerguelen Islands; Rare earth elements; Fractionation; Anomalies; Lithogenic; Biologic; GEOTRACES. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00616/72764/72274.pdf |
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| Tournadre, Jean; Bouhier, Nicolas; Girard-ardhuin, Fanny; Remy, F.. |
| Basal melting of floating ice shelves and iceberg calving constitute the two almost equal paths of freshwater flux between the Antarctic ice cap and the Southern Ocean. The largest icebergs (>100 km2) transport most of the ice volume but their basal melting is small compared to their breaking into smaller icebergs that constitute thus the major vector of freshwater. The archives of nine altimeters have been processed to create a database of small icebergs (<8 km2) within open water containing the positions, sizes, and volumes spanning the 1992–2014 period. The intercalibrated monthly ice volumes from the different altimeters have been merged in a homogeneous 23 year climatology. The iceberg size distribution, covering the 0.1–10,000 km2 range,... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Iceberg; Altimetry; Southern Ocean. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41863/41114.pdf |
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| Henley, Sian F.; Cavan, Emma L.; Fawcett, Sarah E.; Kerr, Rodrigo; Monteiro, Thiago; Sherrell, Robert M.; Bowie, Andrew R.; Boyd, Philip W.; Barnes, David K. A.; Schloss, Irene R.; Marshall, Tanya; Flynn, Raquel; Smith, Shantelle. |
| The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying nutrients to the global thermocline, thereby influencing global primary production and carbon export. Biogeochemical processes within the Southern Ocean regulate regional primary production and biological carbon uptake, primarily through iron supply, and support ecosystem functioning over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Here, we assimilate existing knowledge and present new data to examine the biogeochemical cycles of iron, carbon and major nutrients, their key drivers and their responses to, and roles in, contemporary climate and environmental change. Projected increases in... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Southern Ocean; Biogeochemistry; Primary production; Iron; Nutrients; Carbon; Ecosystem; Ocean acidification. |
| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00676/78831/81113.pdf |
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| Abarnou, Alain; Robineau, Daniel; Michel, Pierre. |
| Top predators like marine mammals have been intensively used for monitoring the contamination of the marine environment, particularly in industrialized coastal areas of the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Such data concerning contamination in the Southern hemisphere are very scarce. Samples were taken in the fatty protuberance of the forehead (melon) from eleven Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Lacépède, 1804) caught in the coastal waters of the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Indian Ocean). They were analyzed for DDT, PCB and HCB, using capillary gaz chromatography. The levels of contamination [DDT= 1 150 ± 650, PCB = 1 150 ± 770, HCB=500±300ng/g of extracted matter (lipids)] are between ten and a hundred times Jess than those found in similar... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Organochlorés; Mammifères marins; Océan austral; Iles Kerguelen; Organochlorines; Marine mammals; Southern Ocean; Kerguelen Islands. |
| Ano: 1986 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00111/22273/19948.pdf |
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| Takao, Shintaro; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Hashihama, Fuminori; Shimada, Keishi; Yoshikawa-inoue, Hisayuki; Hirawake, Toru; Kanda, Jota; Hashida, Gen; Suzuki, Koji. |
| The Southern Ocean is a vast net sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), with marine phytoplankton playing a crucial role in CO2 fixation. We assessed how changes in the dominant phytoplankton community and net primary productivity (NPP) affected variations in the partial pressure of CO2 in surface water (pCO(2)(sw)) in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer. pCO2sw was negatively correlated with total phytoplankton and diatom abundances, as estimated from pigment signatures, in the zone south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current; however, pCO(2)(sw) was not correlated with haptophyte abundance. Additionally, a stronger correlation was found between pCO(2)(sw) and total phytoplankton NPP than between chlorophyll a concentration... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Phytoplankton community composition; Diatoms; Southern Ocean; Net primary productivity; Carbon dioxide. |
| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00676/78836/81084.pdf |
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| Olsen, Are. |
| While the number of surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) measurements has soared the recent decades, the Southern Ocean remains undersampled. Williams et al. (2017) now present pCO(2) estimates based on data from pH-sensor equipped Bio-Argo floats, which have been measuring in the Southern Ocean since 2014. The authors demonstrate the utility of these data for understanding the carbon cycle in this region, which has a large influence on the distribution of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere. Biogeochemical sensors deployed on autonomous platforms hold the potential to shape our view of the ocean carbon cycle in the coming decades. |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Ocean carbon; Southern Ocean; Autonomous observations. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00661/77325/78792.pdf |
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| Rosso, Isabella; Mazloff, Matthew R.; Talley, Lynne D.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Freeman, Natalie M.; Maze, Guillaume. |
| The Southern Ocean (SO) is one of the most energetic regions in the world, where strong air‐sea fluxes, oceanic instabilities, and flow‐topography interactions yield complex dynamics. The Kerguelen Plateau (KP) region in the Indian sector of the SO is a hotspot for these energetic dynamics, which result in large spatio‐temporal variability of physical and biogeochemical (BGC) properties throughout the water column. Data from Argo floats (including biogeochemical) are used to investigate the spatial variability of intermediate and deep water physical and BGC properties. An unsupervised machine learning classification approach is used to organize the float profiles into five SO frontal zones based on their temperature and salinity structure between 300 and... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Southern Ocean; Kerguelen Plateau; Argo; Unsupervised clustering; Machine learning. |
| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00613/72471/71438.pdf |
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| Bushinsky, Seth M.; Landschuetzer, Peter; Roedenbeck, Christian; Gray, Alison R.; Baker, David; Mazloff, Matthew R.; Resplandy, Laure; Johnson, Kenneth S.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.. |
| New estimates of pCO(2) from profiling floats deployed by the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project have demonstrated the importance of wintertime outgassing south of the Polar Front, challenging the accepted magnitude of Southern Ocean carbon uptake (Gray et al., 2018, ). Here, we put 3.5 years of SOCCOM observations into broader context with the global surface carbon dioxide database (Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas, SOCAT) by using the two interpolation methods currently used to assess the ocean models in the Global Carbon Budget (Le Quere et al., 2018, ) to create a ship-only, a float-weighted, and a combined estimate of Southern Ocean carbon fluxes (<35 degrees S). In our ship-only estimate, we calculate a mean uptake... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Southern Ocean; Biogeochemical profiling floats; SOCCOM; Global carbon cycle. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00675/78719/81007.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 86 | |
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