SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Mitchell, Robert J.; Jones Ecological Research Center; Robert.Mitchell@jonesctr.org; Duncan, Sally L.; Oregon State University; Sally.Duncan@oregonstate.edu.

Historical range of variation (HRV) has been used as a conceptual tool to determine appropriate management actions to sustain or restore diversity of ecological systems. This concept has come into question for both biological and social considerations, and the southeastern United States is a good model system to test its utility. Southeastern Coastal Plain upland pine savannas and woodlands and their associated wetlands are among the most diverse communities in temperate North America, having both high levels of species richness and large numbers of endemic flora and fauna. However, this diversity is intimately linked with disturbance regimes. Maintaining frequent fire, varied in season based on changing management objectives through time, is the most...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Disturbances; Fire regimes; Historical social and future ranges of variability; Legacies; Rareness; Social acceptability; Species richness.

Ano: 2009

Setting priorities for private land conservation in fire-prone landscapes: Are fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation competing or compatible objectives?

Syphard, Alexandra D.; Conservation Biology Institute; asyphard@yahoo.com; Butsic, Van; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley; vanbutsic@berkeley.edu; Bar-Massada, Avi; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim; barmassada@gmail.com; Keeley, Jon E.; U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Sequoia-Kings Canyon Field Station, Three Rivers, California; jon_keeley@usgs.gov; Tracey, Jeff A.; Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego Field Station, San Diego, California; jatracey@usgs.gov; Fisher, Robert N.; Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego Field Station, San Diego, California; rfisher@usgs.gov.

Although wildfire plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity in many ecosystems, fire management to protect human assets is often carried out by different agencies than those tasked for conserving biodiversity. In fact, fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation are often viewed as competing objectives. Here we explored the role of management through private land conservation and asked whether we could identify private land acquisition strategies that fulfill the mutual objectives of biodiversity conservation and fire risk reduction, or whether the maximization of one objective comes at a detriment to the other. Using a fixed budget and number of homes slated for development, we simulated 20 years of housing growth under alternative...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Housing arrangement; Reserve design; Site selection; Southern California; Species richness; Wildfire.

Ano: 2016

Butterfly Species Richness Patterns in Canada: Energy, Heterogeneity, and the Potential Consequences of Climate Change

Kerr, Jeremy T; University of Oxford; Jeremy.Kerr@CCRS.NRCan.gc.ca.

The distributions of most pollinator species are poorly documented despite their importance in providing ecosystem services. While these and other organisms are threatened by many aspects of the human enterprise, anthropogenic climate change is potentially the most severe threat to pollinator biodiversity. Mounting evidence demonstrates that there have already been biotic responses to the relatively small climate changes that have occurred this century. These include wholesale shifts of relatively well-documented butterfly and bird species in Europe and North America. Although studies of such phenomena are supported by circumstantial evidence, their findings are also consistent with predictions derived from current models of spatial patterns of species...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Butterflies; Climate change; Habitat heterogeneity; Land cover; Latitudinal gradients; Pollinator; Species richness; Species richness-energy theory.

Ano: 2001

Using Short-Term Monitoring Data to Achieve Goals in a Large-Scale Restoration

Hagen, Dagmar; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; dagmar.hagen@nina.no; Evju, Marianne; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; marianne.evju@nina.no.

To evaluate the outcome of restoration projects, an overall goal, reformulated to specific subgoals or targets, must be explicit and translated into scientifically measurable ecological attributes. Monitoring ecological attributes is necessary to assess restoration progress. Data from long-term monitoring are rarely available when restoration interventions are planned and implemented. In this study, we show how short-term monitoring data are incorporated into the planning of the large-scale restoration of a former military training area: the largest restoration project approved in Norway, covering more than 165 km² and intended to enhance nature conservation. A pilot project was initiated in 2002 that removed 1.2 km of roads and tested three...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Alpine; Ecological attributes; Restoration success; Restoration target; Species richness; Vegetation cover.

Ano: 2013

Biodiversity, Urban Areas, and Agriculture: Locating Priority Ecoregions for Conservation

Ricketts, Taylor; World Wildlife Fund; taylor.ricketts@wwfus.org; Imhoff, Marc; NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; mimhoff@LTPmail.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Urbanization and agriculture are two of the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide. The intensities of these land-use phenomena, however, as well as levels of biodiversity itself, differ widely among regions. Thus, there is a need to develop a quick but rigorous method of identifying where high levels of human threats and biodiversity coincide. These areas are clear priorities for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we combine distribution data for eight major plant and animal taxa (comprising over 20,000 species) with remotely sensed measures of urban and agricultural land use to assess conservation priorities among 76 terrestrial ecoregions in North America. We combine the species data into overall indices of richness and endemism. We...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: North America; Agriculture; Biodiversity; Conservation; Conservation priorities; Ecoregions; Endemism; Human land use; Species richness; Threats to biodiversity; Urbanization.

Ano: 2003

Variation in Native Bee Faunas and its Implications for Detecting Community Changes

Williams, Neal M; University of Calgary; nwilliam@ucalgary.ca; Minckley, Robert L; University of Utah; minckley@biology.utah.edu; Silveira, Fernando A; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; fernando@mono.icb.ufmg.br.

Changes in flower-visiting insect populations or communities that result from human impacts can be documented by measuring spatial or temporal trends, or by comparing abundance or species composition before and after disturbance. The level of naturally occurring variation in populations and communities over space and time will dictate the sampling effort required to detect human-induced changes. We compiled a set of existing surveys of the bee faunas of natural communities from around the world to examine patterns of abundance and richness. We focused on a subset of these studies to illustrate variation in bee communities among different sites and within sites over different spatial and temporal scales. We used examples from our compilation and other...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Apiformes; Apoidea; Faunal surveys; Flower-visiting insects; Functional groups; Monitoring long-term changes; Sampling protocol; Solitary bees; Species composition; Species richness; Worldwide bee faunas.

Ano: 2001

Effects of Roads on Animal Abundance: an Empirical Review and Synthesis

Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca; Rytwinski, Trina; Carleton University, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology; trytwins@connect.carleton.ca.

We attempted a complete review of the empirical literature on effects of roads and traffic on animal abundance and distribution. We found 79 studies, with results for 131 species and 30 species groups. Overall, the number of documented negative effects of roads on animal abundance outnumbered the number of positive effects by a factor of 5; 114 responses were negative, 22 were positive, and 56 showed no effect. Amphibians and reptiles tended to show negative effects. Birds showed mainly negative or no effects, with a few positive effects for some small birds and for vultures. Small mammals generally showed either positive effects or no effect, mid-sized mammals showed either negative effects or no effect, and large mammals showed predominantly negative...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Environmental impact; Landscape connectivity; Mortality; Population density; Road network; Road density; Road effect zone; Road mitigation; Species distribution; Species richness; Traffic density; Traffic volume.

Ano: 2009

Diversidad de la vegetación y características morfoedáficas de las riberas de arroyos pampeanos

Ecología austral

Gantes,Patricia; Falco,Liliana; Sánchez Caro,Aníbal.

Las riberas son ecosistemas espacial y temporalmente heterogéneos que favorecen una alta diversidad, pero que se podrían ver afectadas por la intensificación de ciertas perturbaciones antrópicas. Con el propósito de aportar información de base, que permita evaluar los efectos sobre la biodiversidad de eventuales disturbios, se caracteriza la vegetación por sus grupos biológicos y se analizan tres aspectos: la diversidad a tres escalas (margen, tramo y cuenca), su relación con características topográficas y edáficas y los cambios asociados a la presencia de ganado. Se identificaron 130 taxa; entre ellas, Cynodon dactylon y Eleocharis spp. tuvieron una frecuencia cercana al 100% y fueron los de mayor cobertura. Se halló 51% de especies herbáceas perennes,...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2017000100010

Palavras-chave: Riqueza específica; Grupos biológicos; Escalas espaciales; Species richness; Biological groups; Spatial scales.

Ano: 2017

Bird communities in three forest types in the Pernambuco Centre of Endemism, Alagoas, Brazil

Lobo-Araújo,Lahert W.; Toledo,Mário T. F.; Efe,Márcio A.; Malhado,Ana C. M.; Vital,Marcos V. C.; Toledo-Lima,Guilherme S.; Macario,Phoeve; Santos,Jhonatan G. dos; Ladle,Richard J..

The Pernambuco Center of Endemism (PCE) in northeastern Brazil is highly fragmented and degraded. Despite its potential conservation importance the bird fauna in this area is still relatively unknown and there are many remnant fragments that have not been systematically surveyed. Here, we report the results of bird surveys in five forest fragments (one pioneer, two ombrophilous and two seasonal). In total, 162 taxa were recorded, 12 of which are endemic to the PCE. The frequency of endangered species was lower than what has been reported in studies from the same area and most of the taxa considered to be at risk of extinction were sub-species of uncertain taxonomic validity. The comparatively low number of endemic/threatened species may be due to the small...

Species richness and community structure of arboreal spider assemblages in fragments of three vegetational types at Banhado Grande wet plain, Gravataí River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Palavras-chave: Avifauna; Ombrophilous forest; Restinga; Seasonal forest; Species richness.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212013000200002

Bonaldo,Alexandre B.; Marques,Maria Aparecida L.; Pinto-da-Rocha,Ricardo; Gardner,Toby.

The taxonomic composition, observed and estimated species richness, and patterns of community structure of arboreal spider assemblages in eleven sites surrounding the "Banhado Grande" wet plain in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are presented. These sites represent three different vegetational types: hillside (four sites), riparian (five sites) and flooded forests (two sites). The spiders were captured by beating on foliage and "aerial litter". A sample was defined as the result of beating on twenty bushes, tree branches or "aerial litter" clusters, which roughly corresponds to one-hour search effort per sample. Fifty five samples (five per site) were obtained, resulting in an observed richness of 212 species present as adult or identifiable...

Composition and structure of a Miridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) assemblage from a relict of deciduous rainforest in southern Brazil

Palavras-chave: Arboreal spiders; Taxonomic composition; Species richness; Wet plain; Southern Brazil.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212007000200003

Barcellos,Aline; Schmidt,Letícia S; Ferreira,Paulo Sergio F.

A two-year study was carried out to evaluate the composition, abundance and species richness of Miridae from Parque Estadual do Turvo, municipality of Derrubadas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Samplings were made in the springs of 2003 and 2004 (October), and autumns of 2004 and 2005 (May), using a beating tray method, along two trails of the park. Sampling effort (hours x collectors) in the quantitative collections totaled 153 hours. Two-hundred mirid specimens of 50 species were collected. The most abundant mirid was Prepops setosipes (Reuter, 1910), representing 23% of the collected individuals, followed by Collaria capixaba Carvalho & Fontes, 1981 (10.5%) and Tropidosteptes cribratus (Stål, 1860) (7%), the latter recorded in all sampling...

Bird diversity in an urban ecosystem: the role of local habitats in understanding the effects of urbanization

Palavras-chave: Diversity; Mirids; Species richness; Subtropic.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212011000100016

Rodrigues,Aline Goulart; Borges-Martins,Márcio; Zilio,Felipe.

ABSTRACT: Urbanization causes environment changes that directly affect biotic diversity, and understanding the relationship between fauna and urban features is a key aspect of urban planning. Birds are particularly affected by urbanization. Noise levels, for instance, negatively affect birds’ behavior and social communication, while the presence of green areas promotes bird diversity. The effects of urbanization could differ according with the level of urbanization, and our goal was to understand how bird species assemblages are related to urban features in an intermediate stage of urbanization (a city in Brazil with 2,470 inhabitants/km²). We used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and generalized linear models (GLM) analyses to assess how bird...

Regional and latitudinal patterns of soft-bottom macrobenthic invertebrates along French coasts: Results from the RESOMAR database

Palavras-chave: Neotropic; Urban noise; Green spaces; Species richness; Bird assemblage.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212018000100217

Les virus de l'estuaire de la Charente el du bassin de Marennes-Oleron. Dynamiques spatio-temporelles et interactions avec les communautés bactériennes

Gallon, Regis K.; Lavesque, Nicolas; Grall, Jacques; Labrune, Celine; Gremare, Antoine; Bachelet, Guy; Blanchet, Hugues; Bonifacio, Paulo; Bouchet, Vincent M. P.; Dauvin, Jean-claude; Desroy, Nicolas; Gentil, Franck; Guerin, Laurent; Houbin, Celine; Jourde, Jerome; Laurand, Sandrine; Le Duff, Michel; Le Garrec, Vincent; De Montaudouin, Xavier; Olivier, Frederic; Orvain, Francis; Sauriau, Pierre-guy; Thiebaut, Eric; Gauthier, Olivier.

This study aims to describe the patterns of soft bottom macrozoobenthic richness along French coasts. It is based on a collaborative database developed by the “Réseau des Stations et Observatoires Marins” (RESOMAR). We investigated patterns of species richness in sublittoral soft bottom habitats (EUNIS level 3) at two different spatial scales: 1) seaboards: English Channel, Bay of Biscay and Mediterranean Sea and 2) 0.5° latitudinal and longitudinal grid. Total observed richness, rarefaction curves and three incidence-based richness estimators (Chao2, ICE and Jacknife1) were used to compare soft bottom habitats species richness in each seaboard. Overall, the Mediterranean Sea has the highest richness and despite higher sampling effort, the English Channel...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Zoobenthos; Species richness; Regional pattern; Latitudinal pattern; Soft-bottom; France.

Ano: 2017

URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00376/48769/49166.pdf

Spatial pattern in species richness of demersal fish assemblages on the continental shelf of the northern Mediterranean Sea: a multiscale analysis

Auguet, Jean-christophe.

This study is divided in two parts; one aim is to evaluate the in situ spalio-temporal dynamics of viral communities in the Charante estuary in order to define the appropriate seasons to conduct in vitro viral enrichment experiments. These experiments, that constitute the second part of this study, were performed to assess the impact of freshwater viruses carried by the Charante River on the dynamics and composition of coastal bacterial communities. With abundance ranging from 1.4 x 107 to 208 x I07 VLPml-1. viruses are the most abundant component among plankton microorganisms in surface waters of the Charente estuary. Thre temporal dynamics of this component reflects the indirect influence of temperature through the control of bacterial abundance,...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Richesse spécifique; Composition clonale; Enrichissement vital; Infection lyrique; Structure des communautés; MET; PPGE; Dynamique temporelle; Gradient de salinité; Estuaire; Bactérioplancton; Virioplancton; Species richness; Clonal composition; Viral enrichment; Lytic infection; Community structure; Diversity; TEM; PEGE; Temporal dynamic; Gradient; Salinity; Estuary; Bacterioplankton; Virioplankton.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/these-3071.pdf

Mapping diversity indices: not a trivial issue

Gaertner, J; Bertrand, Jacques; Relini, G; Papaconstantinou, C; Mazouni, N; De Sola, L; Durbec, J; Jukic Peladic, S; Souplet, Arnauld.

The species richness pattern of groundfish species in the entire northern Mediterranean Sea was examined at 3 spatial scales: region, large biogeographical zone and basin. We analysed 1914 trawl hauls collected using a single sampling design in the trawlable areas of the continental shelves between the Strait of Gibraltar and the Strait of Dardanelles (from 36.3 to 45.7 degrees N and 5.3 degrees W to 28 E). Spatial pattern in species diversity was assessed using complementary methods (Chao2 estimates of total species richness, mean species richness and beta diversity). No matter which scale was used, the expected longitudinally decreasing trend in species richness, which has been widely described in previous studies, did not appear when comparing estimates...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Lessepsian; Large scale; Mediterranean Sea; Groundfishes; Beta diversity; Species richness.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3569.pdf