SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Badibanga, Thaddee Mutumba; Diao, Xinshen; Roe, Terry L.; Somwaru, Agapi.

This paper develops a metric of structural transformation that can account for the production of new varieties of goods embodying advancements in technological know-how and design. Our measure captures the dynamics of an economy’s transformation and can be viewed as an extension of the static measure developed by Hausmann and Klinger (2006). We apply this measure to four digit level sitc trade data of China, Malaysia and Ghana over the period 1962-2000. The results show the rapid transformation of the Chinese economy is characterized by two important factors: the high proximity of its export basket to the three main industrial clusters – capital goods, consumer durable goods, and intermediate inputs, and the increase in the values of the new goods...

Environmental Regulations, Market Structure and Technological Progress in Renewable Energy Technology — A Panel Data Study on Wind Turbines

Palavras-chave: Structural Transformation; Discovery; Technological Change; International Development; F19; O14; O33; O40.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43890

Rubbelke, Dirk T.G.; Weiss, Pia.

We study the impact of environmental regulations on the patent activities for wind turbines between 1980 and 2008. We explicitly control for energy market liberalisation and take a potential interaction between liberalisation and policy instruments into account. We find a strong and highly significant effect of environmental tax revenues, which we regard as a proxy for the extent to which energy prices changed in favour of renewable energies, as well as foreign demand for wind turbines on innovation activities. In addition, we find that price-based policy instruments are more effective in fostering innovations in the wind turbine technology when energy markets are fully open to competition. In contrast, non-price-based policy instruments such as grants or...

MALMQUIST DEA INDEX ANALYSIS WITH AN ORIENTED OUTPUT APPLIED TO THE FOREST ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN NICARAGUA 1998-2005

Palavras-chave: Environmental Policy; Renewable Energy; Market Structure; Wind Turbines; Innovation; Patents; Technological Change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q55; Q58; O34; O38.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102569

Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto.

Presented at: NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON IV AGROFOREST SYMPOSIUM “CONTRIBUTION TO THE AGROFOREST SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND, FOR MITIGATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION” 05 – 06 NOVEMBER 2009

Trust and Control Dynamics in Agrifood Supply Networks: Communication Strategies for Electronic Transaction Environments

Palavras-chave: Malmquist Index; Technological Change; Technical Efficiency Change; Returns scale efficiency change; Total factors productivity; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12; Q23; R38.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56198

Fritz, Melanie; Hausen, Tobias.

Agrifood supply networks are dynamic structures where firms regularly face the need to search for new market partners. A decision for a transaction with a new partner requires the existence of appropriate control and safeguard mechanisms as well as trust to overcome perceived risk and uncertainties. Electronic transaction environments offer new potentials for the identification of new transaction partners. However, trust and control need to be communicated appropriately in electronic transaction environments for agrifood supply network scenarios. Problems for appropriate communication are posed by the complex interrelation between trust and control in transaction processes and their dynamically changing importance in a transaction relation. This paper...

Technology Change: Sources and Impediments

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Markets Marketing; Marketing; Technological Change; Social Norms; Social Capital; E-Commerce; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Q13; O3; Z13; L81.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25509

Ranis, Gustav; Irons, Mallory; Huang, Yanjing.

There is little doubt that technology change, both in terms of its process and quality dimensions, represents the principal driving force to explain comparative economic performance at both micro and macro levels. This paper examines the sources of technology change and the impediments to the full realization of its opportunities, both abstractly and in the context of a comparison among six typologically diverse developing countries. Among the external sources, we examine the roles of trade, foreign patents and FDI; among the internal sources we examine the roles of investment, domestic R&D, domestic patents, S&T personnel and secondary education alternatives. Among impediments, we analyze certain public and private policy frameworks which tend...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Development; Technological Change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O11; O14; O33.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118647

The 2008 WITCH Model: New Model Features and Baseline

Bosetti, Valentina; De Cian, Enrica; Sgobbi, Alessandra; Tavoni, Massimo.

WITCH is an energy-economy-climate model developed by the climate change group at FEEM. The model has been extensively used in the past 3 years for the economic analysis of climate change policies. WITCH is a hybrid top-down economic model with a representation of the energy sector of medium complexity. Two distinguishing features of the WITCH model are the representation of endogenous technological change and the game–theoretic set-up. Technological change is driven by innovation and diffusion processes, both of which feature international spillovers. World countries are grouped in 12 regions which interact with each other in a setting of strategic interdependence. This paper describes the updating of the base year data to 2005 and some new features: the...

The Environment and Directed Technical Change: Comment

Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Hybrid Modelling; Integrated Assessment; Technological Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O41; Q43.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55284

Hourcade, Jean-Charles; Pottier, Antonin; Espagne, Etienne.

This paper discusses the growth model with environmental constraints recently presented in (Acemoglu et al., 2011) which focuses on the redirection of technical change by climate policies with research subsidies and a carbon tax. First, Acemoglu et al.'s model and chosen parameters yield numerical results that do not support the conclusion that ambitious climate policies can be conducted “without sacrificing (much or any) long-run growth”. Second, they select unrealistic key parameters for carbon sinks and elasticity of substitution. We find that more realistic parameters lead to very different results. Third, the model leads to an unrealistic conclusion when used to analyse endogenous growth, suggesting specification problems.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Technological Change; Endogenous Growth; Climate; Energy Substitutability; Environmental Economics and Policy; O30; O33; Q43; Q54; Q56.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120046

Production Functions for Climate Policy Modeling: An Empirical Analysis

van der Werf, Edwin.

Quantitative models for climate policy modeling differ in the production structure used and in the sizes of the elasticities of substitution. The empirical foundation for both is generally lacking. This paper estimates the parameters of two-level CES production functions with capital, labour and energy as inputs, and is the first to systematically compare all nesting structures. Using industry-level data from 12 OECD countries, we find that the nesting structure where capital and labour are combined first, fits the data best, but for most countries and industries we cannot reject that all three inputs can be put into one single nest. These two nesting structures are used by most climate models. However, while several climate policy models use a...

Improving the Energy-Efficiency of Buildings: The Impact of Environmental Policy on Technological Innovation

Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Input Substitution; Technological Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q32; Q43; Q55.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9549

Noailly, Joelle.

This paper investigates the impact of alternative environmental policy instruments on technological innovations aiming to improve energy-efficiency in buildings. The empirical analysis focuses on three main types of policy instruments, namely regulatory energy standards in buildings codes, energy taxes as captured by energy prices and specific governmental energy R&D expenditures. Technological innovation is measured using patent counts for specific technologies related to energy-efficiency in buildings (e.g. insulation, high-efficiency boilers, energy-saving lightings). The estimates for seven European countries over the 1989-2004 period imply that a strengthening of 10% of the minimum insulation standards for walls would increase the likelihood to...

Optimal Timing of Environmental Policy; Interaction Between Environmental Taxes and Innovation Externalities

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Technological Change; Patents; Energy-Efficiency; Buildings; Environmental Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O31; O34; Q55.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94777

Gerlagh, Reyer; Kverndokk, Snorre; Rosendahl, Knut Einar.

This paper addresses the impact of endogenous technology through research and development (R&D) and learning by doing (LbD) on the timing of environmental policy. We develop two models, the first with R&D and the second with LbD. We study the interaction between environmental taxes and innovation externalities in a dynamic economy and prove policy equivalence between the second-best R&D and the LbD model. Our analysis shows that the difference found in the literature between optimal environmental policy in R&D and LbD models can partly be traced back to the set of policy instruments available, rather than being directly linked to the source of technological innovation. Arguments for early action in LbD models carry over to a second-best...

THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROGRAM PARTICIPATION ON SMALL FARMS IN CHILE

Palavras-chave: Environmental Policy; Technological Change; Research and Development; Learning by Doing; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; O30; Q42.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9329

Edmonds, Christopher M..

This research examines the effect of a government sponsored technology transfer program for small holder farms in Chile. The effect of family participation in the technology transfer program is evaluated with respect to a number of 'outcomes' including its effect on farm revenues, total family income, and household poverty status. The empirical examination uses maximum likelihood selection and fixed- and random-effects estimation techniques. By estimating the effect of program participation on crop selection, crop yields, farm use of certified seeds, and the scale of farming activities, the research examines the mechanisms through which the program appears to raise farm revenues. Estimation results show program participation had a positive and...

The Economic Impacts of Biotechnology-Based Technological Innovations

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Extension Services; Program Evaluation; Impact Assessment; Technological Change; Choices and Consequences; Chile; Farm Households; Panel Data; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21520

Traxler, Greg.

Global adoption of transgenic crops reached 67.7 million hectares in 2003 from 2.8 million in 1996. Delivery has occurred almost entirely through the private sector and adoption has been rapid in areas where the crops addressed serious production constraints and where farmers had access to the new technologies. Three countries (USA, Argentina and Canada), three crops (soybean, cotton and maize) and two traits (insect resistance and herbicide tolerance) account for the vast majority of global transgenic area. While some farmers in some developing countries are benefiting, most do not have access to transgenic crops and traits that address their needs. This paper surveys the level and distribution of the economic impacts of transgenic cotton and soybeans to...

Technological Change, Fuel Efficiency and Carbon Intensity in Electricity Generation: A Cross-Country Empirical Study

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Biotechnology; Economic Development; Technological Change; Cotton; Soybean; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; Q12; Q16.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23806

Verdolini, Elena; Johnstone, Nick; Hascic, Ivan.

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of energy efficiency in fossil fuel electricity generation across 28 OECD countries over the period 1981-2006, with particular attention to the role played by technological development and the availability of energy efficient technologies in the market. This contribution is novel in three respects: first, empirically assess the effects of different determinants of energy efficiency, which include the input mix in electricity generation, the capacity ratio at which power plants are run, as well as the characteristics of the production technology. Second, we focus on the role of technological availability: using patent data for carefully selected innovations in fossil-fuel technologies, we build...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Fossil Fuel Electricity Generation; Energy Efficiency; Carbon Intensity; Technological Change; Patents; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q40; O33; O13.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120043

THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN CHINESE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ON WORLD FEED GRAIN TRADE

Fuller, Frank H.; Fang, Cheng.

Using household survey data from seven provinces in China, this study provides estimates of the price responsiveness of feed demand by traditional and specialized household pork and poultry producers. Estimated elasticities are used to simulate the impacts of structural change in China's livestock industry on feed grain trade.