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| Registros recuperados: 11 | |
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| Gerber, James. |
| In spite of the rapid growth of merchandise trade since the end of World War II, the world economy is far from integrated. Services trade, capital flows, population migration, and price differences demonstrate far more scope for international economic integration. Even among nations with preferential trade agreements, networks of merchandise trade relations are far denser intra-nationally than internationally. The absence of goods trade predicted by trade models when nations have few policy barriers implies that crossing national boundaries is a significant indicator of increased transaction costs. These patterns have caused the world trade agenda to examine some unintended trade restrictions which make up a part of national domestic policies. This focus... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Deeper integration; Free trade; Heckscher-Ohlin model; Integration; Trade barriers; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23829 |
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| Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.; Anderson, Glenn Michael. |
| The elasticity of price transmission measures the extent to which a change in world prices will be transmitted to an importing country, with an elasticity of less than one being attributed to trade barriers. Recent research highlights the role that multinational trading companies may play in impeding price transmission. Further, in markets characterised by monopolistic competition an estimate of the partial elasticity of demand may be of limited practical value if no account is taken of the reaction of competitors. In this paper the potential for market structure to affect price transmission and trade elasticities is demonstrated. The elasticity of price transmission has been central to a revised approach to estimation of trade elasticities and has been... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Elasticity; Price transmission; Trade barriers; Monopolistic competition; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122328 |
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| Skully, David W.. |
| The 1996 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture was a step toward free trade. The Agreement lifts bans and quotas on imports, but allows their conversion into tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which function like quotas. At present, many of the 1,300 TRQs increased market access to imports, but some have preserved pre-Agreement levels of protection. The World Trade Organization's intent as to the administration of TRQs is open to interpretation. This report analyzes seven administrative methods in light of the principle of nondiscrimination. We conclude that auctions are the best way to administer a TRQ. First-come, first-served and license-on-demand methods present a moderate risk of biased trade. State trading organizations and producer groups that directly... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quotas; Quantitative restrictions; Trade barriers; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33576 |
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| Marette, Stephan; Clemens, Roxanne; Babcock, Bruce A.. |
| As worldwide consumer demand for high-quality products and for information about these products increases, labels and geographical indications (GIs) can serve to signal quality traits to consumers. However, GI systems among countries are not homogeneous and can be used as trade barriers against competition. Philosophical differences between the European Union and the United States about how GIs should be registered and protected led to the formation of a WTO dispute settlement panel. In this paper we discuss the issues behind the dispute, the World Trade Organization (WTO) panel decision, and the EU response to the panel decision leading to the new Regulation 510/2006. Given the potential for GI labels to supply consumer information, context is provided... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Product labels; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18697 |
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| Diao, Xinshen; Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Robinson, Sherman; Orden, David. |
| This paper accomplishes two objectives. First, it provides simulation results from a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that have helped focus the debate about the potential effects of agricultural trade liberalization on developing countries. The aggregate numbers show modest net positive effects over a medium-term period (five years out). First, when developed countries fully remove their subsidies and trade barriers, welfare and GDP of the developing countries rise, as do value added in agricultural production and agro-industries, and agricultural exports. Focal point estimates that we provide are increases in welfare and GDP of $10 billion and $15 billion, respectively, while agricultural value added increases $23 billion and agricultural... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Developing countries; Industrialized countries; Computable General Equilibrium Models; Trade liberalization; Trade barriers; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59823 |
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| Wailes, Eric J.; Fang, Cheng; Tuan, Francis C.. |
| China's agricultural trade expanded rapidly following economic reforms and the open-door policy adopted in the late 1970s. The composition of agricultural trade with China follows its labor-abundant and land-scarce resource endowment with imports of bulk and processed intermediates and exports of consumer-ready and processed goods. Constraints on U.S.-China agricultural trade include tariffs, state trading, food security policies, and other nontariff barriers. Growth potential is based on China's fundamental demand forces including the world's largest population, a high real-income growth rate, an emerging urban middle class, and further trade reforms to be implemented through accession to the World Trade Organization. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; China; Reform; Trade barriers; United States; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15092 |
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| Tirado, Geovana; Costa, Sergio Jose; Carvalho, Jose Marcio; Thome, Karim Marini. |
| O trabalho analisa a cadeia produtiva da carne bovina (CPCB) no Brasil, sob o enfoque do comércio exterior, apresentando como base conceitual o estudo de cadeia produtiva no agronegócio e como método de coleta de dados secundários, o Mecasis. Tem, como objetivo, detectar os principais acontecimentos e transformações ocorridas, desde a década de 70, na CPCB brasileira e as principais barreiras comerciais e sanitárias, que influenciaram nas exportações dos produtos desta cadeia. A cadeia no país caracteriza-se por ser um sistema altamente heterogêneo, esse padrão heterogêneo suscita a existência de problemas de variadas ordens, mas são as questões sanitárias e a informalidade as que emergem como as mais urgentes e imprescindíveis de intervenção da política... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Barreiras comerciais; Barreiras sanitárias; Cadeia produtiva da carne bovina; Exportação de carne bovina brasileira; Trade barriers; Sanitation barriers; Beef chain production; Brazilian beef export chain; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109763 |
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| Petry, Mark; Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.. |
| The partial equilibrium model links the infection risk from imported products to a premium, which compensates the importing country for the risk incurred by allowing imports from infected countries. The model is applied to the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and Mexican live swine imports. The premium is sensitive to the expected loss from a PRRS outbreak and to the magnitude of the risk. As the risk or severity of PRRS rises, so does the level of the barrier. If swine imports are categorized and appropriate restrictions applied, an acceptable level of disease protection can be achieved while improving national welfare. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Livestock health risk; PRRS; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15154 |
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| Registros recuperados: 11 | |
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