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| Oliveira, Carolina de Freitas; Oliva, Ciro Villela; Passoni, Daniela Cristina; Loreti, Joao Victor C.; Stefanini, Mariana Papa; Reijers, Rhuana; Caixeta Filho, Jose Vicente. |
| Brazil is, today, the largest producer and exporter of sugar in the world, having as main competitors and price makers India and China. In the production of this commodity, there are the sugar mills and ethanol in the State of Sao Paulo. The disposal of the product is mainly done by road transportation due to the greater speed and flexibility when compared to other modes, covering distances from production plants to their ultimate destination, the Port of Santos. In this scenario, the study evaluated the impact of transport costs (fixed and variable costs) on the values of the freight charged for the final transfer of the described commodity at the port. Analyzed the importance of the road freight for the formation of the final price of the sugar for... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Sugar exportation; Road transportation; Transport costs; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94799 |
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| Gaigne, Carl; Riou, Stephane; Thisse, Jacques-Francois. |
| There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Commuting costs; Transport costs; Cities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; F12; Q54; Q58; R12. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121692 |
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| Busse, Matthias. |
| The WTO Doha Round of multinational trade negotiations is labelled the development round to highlight the fact that progress could be achieved through the enhanced integration of the poor countries into the world economy. Since the trade agenda focuses to a large extent on the levels of direct and indirect trade barriers as well as other aspects of trade and competition policy, an important aspect of the relative trade performance of developing countries has been neglected somewhat. This paper argues that, in addition to trade barriers, other trade costs, such as communications and transport costs, have to be taken into account. These other costs can be significantly higher in developing countries, which impedes their successful integration into world... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Transport costs; WTO Doha Round; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23818 |
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