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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (50) Autor Sabatini, Fabio (4) Fritzsch, Jana (3) Wolz, Axel (3) Antoci, Angelo (2) Beyene, Fekadu (2) Golub, Benjamin (2) Jackson, Matthew O. (2) Maietta, Ornella Wanda (2) Pencakova, Jitka (2) Sodini, Mauro (2) Tutkun, Aysel (2) Ali, Abu Kasim (1) Antoni, Giacomo Degli (1) Asirvatham, Jebaraj (1) Badstue, Lone B. (1) Barrett, Christopher B. (1) Belletti, Matteo (1) Bergmann, Holger (1) Bocker, Andreas (1) Boozer, Michael A. (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Z13 (50) Institutional and Behavioral Economics (16) Labor and Human Capital (12) Social capital (10) Q12 (9) Agribusiness (6) Community/Rural/Urban Development (4) Consumer/Household Economics (4) D85 (4) Farm Management (4) O13 (4) Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies (4) Social Networks (4) Corporate farms (3) Cross sectional models (3) Czech Republic (3) D03 (3) D1 (3) D12 (3) D71 (3) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (25) Conference Paper or Presentation (21) Journal Article (2) Presentation (2) Ano 2012 (2) 2011 (2) 2010 (7) 2009 (6) 2008 (4) 2007 (9) 2006 (14) 2005 (3) 2004 (2) 2001 (1) Mais... País United States (50) Idioma Inglês (48) Português (2)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 50 Primeira ... 1 2 3 ... Última SOCIAL CAPITAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CURRENT STATE OF THE ART AgEcon Dufhues, Thomas; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Fischer, Isabel. Social capital has been recently held up as a conceptual framework to build a bridge between the diverse disciplines involved in rural development. However, despite its potential and the impressively rapid take-up of the concept by the community of development professionals, it remains an elusive construct. No definition is yet generally accepted and many definitions are in use. Recently, social capital in the form of social networks has gained much attention in rural development theory and empirical research. But social networks or structural components of social capital are a largely missing dimension in income and poverty analysis. Moreover, most research on social capital assumes that it is a uniform entity. Therefore, the effects of different forms of... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Sozialkapital; Individuelles Sozialkapital; Sozialkapitalmessung; Ego-zentriertes Netzwerk; Soziale Netzwerke; Social capital; Individual social capital; Measuring social capital; Ego-network; Social networks; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; D85; Z13. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92017 Does Social Capital Create Trust? Evidence from a Community of Entrepreneurs AgEcon Sabatini, Fabio. Which kind of social capital fosters the diffusion of development-oriented trust? This paper carries out an empirical investigation into the causal relationships connecting four types of social capital (i.e. bonding, bridging, linking, and corporate), and different forms of trust (knowledge-based trust, social trust, trust towards public services and political institutions), in a community of entrepreneurs located in the Italian industrial district of the Tuscia. Our results suggest that the main factors fostering the diffusion of social trust among entrepreneurs are the perception that the local community is a safe place, and the establishment of corporate ties through professional associations. Trust in people is positively and significantly correlated... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Trust; Social capital; Safety; Professional associations; Entrepreneurship; Corporate ties; Group and Interpersonal Processes; Social Perception and Cognition; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; J24; O15; Z13. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52340 Bilingualism and Communicative Benefits AgEcon Gabszewicz, Jean; Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo. We examine patterns of acquiring non-native languages in a model with two languages and two populations with heterogeneous learning skills, where every individual faces a binary choice of learning the foreign language or refraining from doing so. We show that both interior and corner linguistic equilibria can emerge in our framework, and that the fraction of learners of the foreign language is higher in the country with a higher gross cost adjusted communicative benefit. It turns out that this observation is consistent with the data on language proficiency in bilingual countries such as Belgium and Canada. We also point out that linguistic equilibria can exhibit insufficient learning which opens the door for government policies that are beneficial for both... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Communicative Benefits; Linguistic Equilibrium; Learning Costs; Labor and Human Capital; C72; D83; O52; Z13. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6380 Informal Insurance in the Presence of Poverty Traps: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia AgEcon Santos, Paulo; Barrett, Christopher B.. Fieldwork for this paper was conducted under the Pastoral Risk Management (PARIMA) project of the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (GL CRSP), funded by the Office of Agriculture and Food Security, Global Bureau, USAID, under grant number DAN-1328-G-00-0046-00, and analysis was underwritten by the USAID SAGA cooperative agreement, grant number HFM-A-00-01-00132-00. Financial support was also provided by the Social Science Research Council's Program in Applied Economics on Risk and Development (through a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation), The Pew Charitable Trusts (through the Christian Scholars Program of the University of Notre Dame), the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), and the Graduate... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk; Informal insurance; Social networks; Poverty traps; Ethiopia; Risk and Uncertainty; Z13; I3; O13. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25487 Inside the 'Black Box' of Project Star: Estimation of Peer Effects Using Experimental Data AgEcon Boozer, Michael A.; Cacciola, Stephen E.. The credible identification of endogenous peer group effects— i.e. social multiplier or feedback effects —has long eluded social scientists. We argue that such effects are most credibly identified by a randomly assigned social program which operates at differing intensities within and between peer groups. The data we use are from Project STAR, a class size reduction experiment conducted in Tennessee elementary schools. In these data, classes were comprised of varying fractions of students who had previously been exposed to the Small class treatment, creating class groupings of varying experimentally induced quality. We use this variation in class group quality to estimate the spillover effect. We find that when allowance is made for this ‘feedback’ effect... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Peer effects; Data with a group structure; Organization of schooling; Experimental evidence; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Z13; C51; C81; I21; C23. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28524 The Impact of Social Capital on Economic Performance of Agricultural Producers in the Czech Republic AgEcon Wolz, Axel; Fritzsch, Jana; Pencakova, Jitka. In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. Private farms have been established since the change of the political regime, but their role is not that relevant as originally anticipated. Among both groups, some have been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of pr oduction factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analyzed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 62 farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Private farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C21; P0; Q12; Z13. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25767 BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics AgEcon Tisdell, Clement A.. This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185 How Homophily Affects Learning and Diffusion in Networks AgEcon Golub, Benjamin; Jackson, Matthew O.. We examine how three different communication processes operating through social networks are affected by homophily - the tendency of individuals to associate with others similar to themselves. Homophily has no effect if messages are broadcast or sent via shortest paths; only connection density matters. In contrast, homophily substantially slows learning based on repeated averaging of neighbors' information and Markovian diffusion processes such as the Google random surfer model. Indeed, the latter processes are strongly affected by homophily but completely independent of connection density, provided this density exceeds a low threshold. We obtain these results by establishing new results on the spectra of large random graphs and relating the spectra to... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Networks; Learning; Diffusion; Homophily; Friendships; Social Networks; Random Graphs; Mixing Time; Convergence; Speed of Learning; Speed of Convergence; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D83; D85; I21; J15; Z13. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50718 Institutional Analysis of Swidden: The Case of Swiddners in Orissa AgEcon Jyotishi, A.. Swidden being a widespread form of land use in the tropics comprehensively defining it become a difficult task. Its characteristics embrace different types of topography, demographic feature, ethnic and ecological diversities. It also varies in terms of cropping pattern, frequency of land use, tools and methods of practice. It is argued that the institutions governing swidden are static in nature and do not adapt to the requirements of the changing ecological and social needs. This necessitates understanding what characterise institutions in a traditional swiddening society, and hence, changes in these characteristics to appreciate whether swidden is a static form of agriculture or changing over the time and space. There are a few aspects, which underscore... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Swidden; Institution; Land-use; Property-rights; Market-integration; Orissa; Farm Management; O13; N55; Q10; Z13. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25763 A History of Violence: Testing the ‘Culture of Honor’ in the US South AgEcon Grosjean, Pauline. Using historical data on early settlers to the United States, this paper tests and confirms the “Culture of Honor” hypothesis by socio-psychologists Dov Cohen and Richard Nisbett (1994, 1996). This hypothesis argues that the high prevalence of homicides in the US South stems from the fact that it was a frontier region settled by people whose economy was based on herding: the Scotch-Irish. Herding societies develop cultures of honors for reasons having to do with their precariousness: violence is a necessary condition to preserve a reputation for toughness and deter animal theft. Using historical census data on waves of settlers from Europe and relating contemporaneous violence to early Scotch-Irish settlers, this paper provides a test of the link between... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Culture of honor; US South; Labor and Human Capital; K4; Z; Z13. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90902 Does Social Capital Mitigate Precariousness? AgEcon Sabatini, Fabio. There is a surprising gap in the economic literature on social capital. First, we lack studies addressing the effects of social capital on those facets of development that can contribute in making growth more sustainable in the long run, like, for example, human development and social cohesion. Second, it is still unclear what type of networks may exert a positive effect on the different dimensions of development. In particular, the literature has not yet provided a rigorous assessment of the role of strong family ties, that are generally referred to as a form of bonding social capital causing backwardness. This paper carries out an empirical investigation into the relationship between the three types of social capital so far identified by the literature... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Social capital; Human development; Labour market; Precariousness; Italy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Risk and Uncertainty; J24; O15; Z13. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6358 Changing Attitudes: Does Personal Experience Matter? A Structural Equilibrium Equation Modeling Approach with Panel Data AgEcon Tutkun, Aysel. Conversion to particularly animal-friendly stabling (PAFS) is one of the programs for which Swiss farmers receive direct payments from the government. This conversion to PAFS is analysed within a structural equation model in order to 1) review the link between intention to convert and observed conversion behavior, 2) prove the influence of personal experience on changing attitudes and norms, after having converted. The behavior model encompasses three theoretical constructs which influence the Behaviour: Attitude toward PAFS and Subjective Norm regarding PAFS, which both affect Intention to perform PAFS. Lastly, Intention influences the Behavior, i.e. observed conversion to PAFS. These variables are available for two time points, so one can... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Subjective norm; Personal experience; Observed behavior; Conversion to particularly animal friendly stabling; Theory of reasoned action; Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; C8; D1; Q12; Z13. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7971 Take off the heater: Utility effect and food environment effect in food consumption decisions AgEcon Lombardini-Riipinen, Chiara; Lankoski, Leena. In this paper, we describe individual food consumption decisions as driven by a utility effect and a food environment effect. To outline the utility effect, we first develop a new theoretical model of individual food consumption. Next, we introduce the food environment effect by showing how the food environment can affect food consumption decisions and how this can skew the resulting food consumption vector. Finally, we analyse manipulations of the food environment as a potential form of policy intervention. Our key result is that the food environment has several entry points in food consumption decisions and that libertarian paternalistic manipulations of the food environment can be effective, easily implemented, well-accepted and low-cost intervention... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Behavioural economics; Bounded rationality; Bounded self-control; Cognitive biases; Food choice; Food consumption; Food environment; Food intake; Health; Identity; Social norms; Visceral factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D03; D11; I18; Z13. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116431 PEER-EFFECTS IN OBESITY AMONG PUBLIC SCHOOL CHILDREN: A GRADE-LEVEL ANALYSIS AgEcon Asirvatham, Jebaraj; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr.; Thomsen, Michael R.. We examine the role of peer effects in childhood obesity outcomes by investigating whether obesity rates among the highest graders in a public school has an effect on obesity rates among younger grades. We use a panel dataset with obesity prevalence measured at the grade level. Our data are from Arkansas public schools. Results provide evidence that changes in the obesity prevalence at the highest grade are associated with changes in obesity prevalence at younger grades. The magnitude of the peer effect depends on the type of school, and we find statistically significant peer effects in both elementary and high schools but not in middle schools. These effects are also larger in high schools than in elementary schools. We use falsification tests to provide... Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Peer-effects; Obesity; Childhood obesity; Overweight; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D10; D71; I10; Z13. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122732 Solidarity Economies in Marche, Italy: current trends and perspectives AgEcon Belletti, Matteo; Orazi, Francesco; Socci, Marco; Giovagnoli, Marco; Pojaghi, Barbara. The paper illustrates selected results of an exploratory research study coordinated by the “Solidarity Economy Network” of the Marche Region in Italy (REES Marche) in 2010-2011. The study was funded by Banca Popolare Etica, it involved three Universities of the Region (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Università di Macerata, Università di Camerino), adopting an interdisciplinary approach. It aimed at investigating the cultural, economic and political determinants that characterize the world of critical consumption, examining a sample of 20 GAS (Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale, Solidarity Purchasing Groups), 182 GAS members and 50 firms (among which 20 agricultural GAS suppliers). Data was collected through ad hoc questionnaires, in depth interviews and... Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Critical consumption; Active citizenship; Territorial networks; Alternative and non-market relations; Short food supply chain; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; A13; D12; Z13; Q12; Q56; Q57.. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124127 Women’s Rights and Development AgEcon Fernandez, Raquel. Why has the expansion of women’s economic and political rights coincided with economic development? This paper investigates this question, focusing on a key economic right for women: property rights. The basic hypothesis is that the process of development (i.e., capital accumulation and declining fertility) exacerbated the tension in men’s conflicting interests as husbands versus fathers, ultimately resolving them in favor of the latter. As husbands, men stood to gain from their privileged position in a patriarchal world whereas, as fathers, they were hurt by a system that afforded few rights to their daughters. The model predicts that declining fertility would hasten reform of women’s property rights whereas legal systems that were initially more... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Women’s Rights; Property Rights; Economic Development; Labor and Human Capital; D1; O1; Z13. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90943 Gender Differences in Pro-social Behaviour: The Case of Fair-trade Food Consumers AgEcon De Devitiis, Biagia; De Luca, Anna Irene; Maietta, Ornella Wanda. Objective of this paper is to analyse the presence of gender differences in the purchase motivations of Fair Trade (FT) food products sold in the Italian World Shops (WS). At this end, a questionnaire has been distributed to a sample of consumers in four Italian regions. A bivariate ordered probit analysis has been performed in order to identify the determinants of the two main ethical motivations in the purchase: worker guarantees and solidarity. The variables used as determinants are individual and municipal characteristics. Among individual characteristics, gender is significant; among the municipal characteristics, the rate of female job market participation is also significant. These results give evidence of a gender gap in the preferences for public... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ethical consumerism; Gender preferences; Fair trade; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; D12; I31; L31; Z13. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114372 Is the Just Man a Happy Man? An Empirical Study of the Relationship Between Ethics and Subjective Well-Being AgEcon Harvey, James S., Jr.. In this paper I consider the question of whether ethical decision-making affects a person’s happiness. Using cross-country data from the World Values Survey, I find that people who agree that it is never justifiable to engage in ethically-questionable behaviors report that they are more satisfied with their life than people who are more tolerant of unethical conduct, even after controlling for other factors known to affect self-reported happiness. The size of the ethics effect is roughly similar to that of a modest increase in income, being married and attending church, while the effect is smaller than that of having poor health or being dissatisfied with one’s personal finances. These results are robust across the four countries studied (the US, Canada,... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Happiness; Subjective well-being; Ethics; World Values Survey; Labor and Human Capital; D63; D99; Z13. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92617 ”Thou shalt not covet ...”: Prohibitions, Temptation and Moral Values AgEcon Cervellati, Matteo; Vanin, Paolo. We propose a theory studying temptation in presence of both externally and internally sanctioned prohibitions. Moral values that (internally) sanction prohibited actions and their desire may increase utility by reducing self-control costs, thereby serving as partial commitment devices. We apply the model to crime and study the conditions under which agents would optimally adhere to moral values of honesty. Incentives to be moral are non- monotonic in the crime premium. Larger external punishments increase temptation and demand for morality, so that external and internal sanctions are complements. The model helps rationalizing stylized facts that proved difficult to explain with available theories. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Prohibitions; Temptation; Self-Control; Moral Values; Crime; Labor and Human Capital; D03; K42; Z13. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90905 Leadership May Have Decisive Influence on Successful Transition of Production Cooperative AgEcon Forgacs, Csaba. In Hungary increasing number of coops have gone bankruptcy or split up after meeting new legal needs because of not being competitive under market conditions after radical reforms. Others, however, could maintain previous level of farming or even increase it. Former coop members and individual farmers have also established new coops using bottom up approach. The paper discusses the importance of leadership of coops with different background which not well addressed in the literature. It took into account that old type produce coops had not only been an economic unit but a social network of people as well giving a special character to the coop. Two cases, one of an old and, one of a new coop, as success stories, were used and comparison of their development... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Social capital; Transformation of coops; Leadership; Producing coops; Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Z13; Q10; Q12; Q13; Q18. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25634 Registros recuperados: 50 Primeira ... 1 2 3 ... Última

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