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| Registros recuperados: 612 | |
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| Andreas Mayr; Djork-Arne Clevert; Sepp Hochreiter. |
| One of the main topics in systems biology is to model genetic pathways. Genes of a pathway, which show linear dependencies of their expression values, are easy to identify to belong to the pathway. However, if feedback loops or signal cascades are present, gene expression values of pathway genes can be nonlinearly dependent on the expression values of other genes in the pathway. In this situation such genes are hard to detect as belonging to the pathway because nonlinearity and noise must be distinguished.

We propose an algorithm to infer nonlinear network elements in pathways from microarray data. Our model assumes, that gene expression values, belonging to one pathway, are mainly driven by one single latent factor. We... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4715/version/1 |
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| Valentina Carapella; Vicente Grau; Pras Pathmanathan; Kevin Burrage. |
| Cardiac motion is a vital process as it sustains the pumping of blood in the body. For this reason motion abnormalities are often associated with severe cardiac pathologies. Clinical imaging techniques, such as MRI, are powerful in assessing motion abnormalities but their connection with pathology often remains unknown.

Computational models of cardiac motion, integrating imaging data, would thus be of great help in linking tissue structure (i.e. cells organisation into fibres and sheets) to motion abnormalities and to pathology. Current models, though, are not able yet to correctly predict realistic cardiac motion in the healthy or diseased heart.

Our hypothesis is that a more realistic... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6594/version/1 |
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| Vivek Bajpai; Yamini Singh Sisodia; Pallavi Sharma; Pankaj Jain. |
| Sewage is waste suspended in water that is intended to flow away from a community. Sewage effluent contains a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms which may pose health hazards to the human population when they are discharged into the environment. This study is carried out to systematically examine the pathogenic microorganisms in sewage samples isolated from the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. For this purpose a survey was carried out at the Sewage Treatment plant of the Mody Institute of Technology & Science, Laxmangarh, Sikar. In this survey we isolated 26 bacterial strains and identified them using biochemical and molecular methods. Different biochemical tests were performed during the study and in molecular identification by DNA isolation,... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Microbiology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6677/version/1 |
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| Octavio Martinez; Humberto Reyes-Valdés. |
| The transcriptome is a set of genes transcribed in a given tissue under specific conditions and can be characterized by a list of genes with their corresponding frequencies of transcription. Transcriptome changes can be measured by counting gene tags from mRNA libraries or by measuring light signals in DNA microarrays. Recently we proposed an approach to define and estimate the diversity and specialization of transcriptomes and gene specificity. This approach can be useful for the determination and measure of transcriptional networks. We defined transcriptome diversity as the Shannon entropy of its frequency distribution. Gene specificity is defined as the mutual information between the tissues and the corresponding transcript, allowing detection of either... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3012/version/1 |
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| Ricardo Franco-Duarte; Lan Umek; Blaz Zupan; Dorit Schuller. |
| The objective of the present study was to compare genetic and phenotypic variation of 103 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from winemaking environments. We used bioinformatics approaches to identify genetically similary strains with specific phenotypes and to estimate a strain's biotechnological potential. 
A S. cerevisiae collection, comprising 440 strains that were obtained from winemaking environments in Portugal has been constituted during the last years. All strains were genetically characterized by a set of eleven highly polymorphic microsatellites and showed unique allelic combinations. Using neural networks, a subset of 103 genetically most diverse strains was chosen for phenotypic analysis, that included growth... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2288/version/1 |
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| Gustavo Rohenkohl; Anna Dal Molin; Anna C. Nobre. |
| Time is an essential dimension of our experience, framing human behaviour at scales ranging from the millisecond organization of motor actions to circadian rhythms cycle, and beyond. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the brain keeps time and uses temporal information to organise behaviour remain unknown. Whereas the principles of the organisation of spatial cognition in the human brain are emerging, the same is not true for temporal cognition. The current study tested the influence of temporal expectations on attentional orienting to moving targets. In this task, a ball appeared at the left side of a screen and moved across the screen in steps following either a regular or irregular rhythm. After reaching an occluding band, the ball was temporarily... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2956/version/1 |
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| Michele Magrane; UniProt Consortium. |
| UniProtKB provides the scientific community with a comprehensive collection of protein sequence records containing extensive curated information including functional and sequence annotation. This information is derived from a variety of sources such as scientific literature and sequence analysis programs as well as data imported from automatic annotation systems and external databases. To allow users to ascertain the origin of each data item in a UniProtKB record, an evidence attribution system is being introduced which links each piece of information to its original source. This system allows users to trace the origin of all information, to differentiate easily between experimental and computational data, and to assess data reliability. The current system... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3129/version/1 |
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| Josh Merel; Gasper Tkacik; Adam Gifford; Jason Prentice; Vijay Balasubramanian. |
| Summary: Recent electrophysiology recordings in macaque V4/IT suggest that single neuron response to synthetic closed contours can be largely captured by models which only consider a small number of contour fragments (Brincat and Connor 2004). Motivated by this experimental work, we sought firstly to characterize the statistics of contour fragments in natural scenes, and secondly to generate synthetic images which reflect the measured contour-fragment statistics.

To detect contour fragments, we defined a set of feature detectors which respond only in the presence of two edges co-occurring at a fixed relative angle – implemented as a logical ‘AND’ of two Gabor-like, laplacian-of-gaussian... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6366/version/1 |
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| Lung-Hao Tai; Anthony M. Zador. |
| How does attention modulate sensory representations? In order to probe the underlying neural mechanisms, we established a simple rodent model of modality-specific attention. Here we describe results of experiments in freely moving rats in which we have used tetrodes to record neural responses in primary auditory cortex (area A1) while subjects performed this behavior.

Subjects were first trained to perform distinct auditory and olfactory two alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tasks. Training and testing were conducted in a custom three-poke computer-controlled behavioral apparatus. Subjects initiated trials with a center-poke, which triggered presentation of a tone (either 5 or 15 Hz), an odor (either R(-)-2-Octanol or... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2354/version/1 |
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| Andy Maloney; Lawrence J. Herskowitz; Steven J. Koch. |
| The molecular motor kinesin-1, an ATPase, and the substrate it walks along, microtubules, are vital components of eukaryotic cells. Kinesin converts chemical energy to linear motion as its two motor domains step along microtubules in a process similar to how we walk. Cells create systems of microtubules that direct the motion of kinesin. This directed motion allows kinesin to transport various cargoes inside cells.

During the stepping process, the kinesin motor domains bind and unbind from their binding sites on the microtubules. Binding and unbinding rates of biomolecules are highly dependent on hydration and exclusion of water from the binding interface. Osmotic stress will likely strongly affect the binding and... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4469/version/3 |
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| Babajan B; Chaitanya M; Anuradha CM; Suresh Kumar Chitta. |
| The emergence of tuberculosis resistant to multiple, first- and second-line antibiotics poses challenges to a global control strategy that relies on standard drug treatment regimens. The high drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been implicated in outbreaks and have been found throughout the world; a comprehensive understanding, the magnitude of this threat requires an accurate assessment of the worldwide burden of resistance. In an attempt to design anti-TB drugs, the target chosen is a key enzyme of Mtb, O-Succinylbenzoate synthase (OSBS), which is an attractive target for its role in electron transport chain as OSBS is not available in humans. An attempt has been to built the 3-D structure of Mtb-OSBS using online Swiss model... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Microbiology; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3776/version/1 |
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| Katja Neubauer; Jenny Bandomir; Anett Grunenberg; Andreas Müller; Udo Kragl; Kerstin Schmidt. |
| With the environmental risk assessment (ERA) for genetically modified plants (GMP) the identification of equivalence or differences in the composition of ingredients of GMPs and non-GMPs has to be investigated. The strategy is based upon the idea that traditionally cultivated crops have been used safely for many years, thus every divergence within the compounds of a GMP in contrast to its non-GMP counterpart could refer to a risk and has to be further analysed.

The BioOK company offers the opportunity to analyse very different aspects from the ERA of GMPs in one hand. Beside toxicological analysis and the determination of environmental effects via soil analysis, we can look into several plant metabolites to identify... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Plant Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4439/version/2 |
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| Apostolos Georgiadis; Geoffrey Maitland; Martin Trusler; Sergei Kazarian; Alexander Bismarck. |
| Within the scope of producing clean fossil fuels by simultaneously tackling greenhouse gas emissions, the interfacial tension of partially miscible phases containing CO~2~ is being investigated with the pendant drop method. Emphasis is given to measurements at elevated pressures and temperatures, analogous to reservoir conditions. A high pressure apparatus consisting of a view cell and high pressure capillary fittings is used for creating pendent drops at the desired conditions. A computer aided Drop Shape Analysis system is used for capturing images of such drops, which are then analysed for the interfacial tension calculation of the two phases with the KRUSS DSA software. The results acquired from the initial measurements conducted for the H~2~O/CO~2~... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Earth & Environment. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2636/version/1 |
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| Ian C. Gould; Mark G. Stokes; Kathryn Atherton; Anna C. Nobre. |
| The control mechanisms that guide selective attention are typically examined in response to explicit attentional cues. In everyday life, however, the focus of attention is more typically guided according to past experiences than direct instruction. We therefore developed a novel behavioural paradigm to examine the neural substrate of memory-guided attentional orienting. Participants first learn the location of target stimuli hidden within naturalistic scenes. After the target locations have been learned, participants then perform an attention-orienting task. Each experimental trial begins with a cue stimulus, consisting of the memory scene presented without the target stimulus. A test scene is then presented, with a 50% probability of a target stimulus... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2955/version/1 |
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| Tatiana From; Ute K. Petersen; Johannes Isselstein. |
| Grassland management experiment (GrassMan) was set up in 2008 on a permanent semi-natural grassland in the Solling uplands, Germany. The main research focus is on the ecosystem functioning of the phytodiverse grassland (e.g. productivity and forage quality, water and nutrient fluxes). The aim of our study was to analyse the effects of vegetation composition and functional diversity on productivity and forage quality of the semi-natural permanent grassland. Variation in sward composition was achieved by herbicide application and resulted in three sward types: control sward type (without herbicide application), monocot-reduced and dicot-reduced. Further management factors included different nutrient input levels (without fertilizer and 180-30-100 kg/ha of... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth & Environment; Plant Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6622/version/1 |
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| Sakyasingha Dasgupta; J. Michael Herrmann. |
| Critical behavior in neural networks characterized by scale-free event distributions and brought about by self-regulatory mechanisms such as short-term synaptic dynamics or homeostatic plasticity, is believed to optimize sensitivity to input and information transfer in the system. Although theoretical predictions of the spike distributions have been confirmed by in-vitro experiments, in-vivo data yield a more complex picture which might be due to the in-homogeneity of the network structure, leakage in currents or massive driving inputs which has so far not been comprehensively covered by analytical or numerical studies.

We address these questions by the study of a neural model of memory that allows for storage and... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5829/version/1 |
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| Ulrich Bodenhofer; Andreas Kothmeier; Ingrid G. Abfalter; Carsten C. Mahrenholz; Sepp Hochreiter. |
| Classifying biological sequences is one of the most important tasks in computational biology. In the last decade, support vector machines (SVMs) in combination with sequence kernels have emerged as a de-facto standard. These methods are theoretically well-founded, reliable, and provide high-accuracy solutions at low computational cost. However, obtaining a highly accurate classifier is rarely the end of the story in many practical situations. Instead, one often aims to acquire biological knowledge about the principles underlying a given classification task. SVMs with traditional sequence kernels do not offer a straightforward way of accessing this knowledge.

In this contribution, we propose a new approach to analyzing... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4708/version/1 |
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| Edgard Bontempo e Silva; Toshihiko Hara; Akihiro Sumida; Kiyomi Ono. |
| Background/Question/Methods 
_Abies sachalinensis_ (Sakhalin Fir) and _Picea glehnii_ (Glehn’s Spruce) are major components of the sub-boreal forests of Hokkaido, Japan. Similar Spruce-Fir forests can be found in many other places in the northern hemisphere and will probably be impacted by global warming. Therefore, detailed knowledge of these species’ physiology and life-history strategies at different growth stages is important to understand present communities and to support reliable prediction of possible consequences of global climate change. 
Accordingly, the objective of this study was to establish relations between community dynamics, life-history strategies and photosynthetic adaptation of... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5298/version/1 |
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| Registros recuperados: 612 | |
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